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America's approach to terrorism has focused on traditional national
security methods, under the assumption that terrorism's roots are
foreign and the solution to greater security lies in conventional
practices. Europe offers a different model, with its response to
internal terrorism relying on police procedures. Managing Ethnic
Diversity after 9/11 compares these two strategies and considers
that both may have engendered greater radicalization-and a greater
chance of home-grown terrorism. Essays address how transatlantic
countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, France,
Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands have integrated ethnic
minorities, especially Arabs and Muslims, since 9/11. Discussing
the "securitization of integration," contributors argue that the
neglect of civil integration has challenged the rights of these
minorities and has made greater security more remote.
This casebook, the result of the collaborative efforts of a panel
of experts from various EU Member States, is the latest in the Ius
Commune Casebook series developed at the Universities of Maastricht
and Leuven. The book provides a comprehensive and skilfully
designed resource for students, practitioners, researchers, public
officials, NGOs, consumer organisations and the judiciary. In
common with earlier books in the series, this casebook presents
cases and other materials (legislative materials, international and
European materials, excerpts from books or articles). As
non-discrimination law is a comparatively new subject, the chapters
search for and develop the concepts of discrimination law on the
basis of a wide variety of young and often still emerging case law
and legislation. The result is a comprehensive textbook with
materials from a wide variety of EU Member States. The book is
entirely in English (i.e. materials are translated where not
available in English). At the end of each chapter a comparative
overview ties the material together, with emphasis, where
appropriate, on existing or emerging general principles in the
legal systems within Europe. The book illustrates the distinct
relationship between international, European and national
legislation in the field of non-discrimination law. It covers the
grounds of discrimination addressed in the Racial Equality and
Employment Equality Directives, as well as non-discrimination law
relating to gender. In so doing, it covers the law of a large
number of EU Member States, alongside some international
comparisons. The Ius Commune Casebook on Non-Discrimination Law -
provides practitioners with ready access to primary and secondary
legal material needed to assist them in crafting test case
strategies. - provides the judiciary with the tools needed to
respond sensitively to such cases. - provides material for teaching
non-discrimination law to law and other students. - provides a
basis for ongoing research on non-discrimination law. - provides an
up-to-date overview of the implementation of the Directives and of
the state of the law. This Casebook is the result of a project
which has been supported by a grant from the European Commission's
Anti-Discrimination Programme. See the detailed website for this
book: www.casebooks.eu/nonDiscrimination/.
The need for a legislative framework for ensuring equality of
opportunity is not seriously questioned in the UK. However,despite
the presence on the Statute book of various significant pieces
legislation dating back to the mid 1970s, there remain deep-seated
structural disadvantages which blight the lives of many women,
Black and Asian people, and disabled persons. The Stephen Lawrence
inquiry report highlighted the presence of institutionalised racism
in the police. Similar barriers can also be found in other public
services and in private sector organisations. There are also
insistent demands for the extension of legislation to cover
discrimination on other grounds such as religion, age and sexual
orientation. Discriminatory behaviour cannot be remedied by
legislation alone, or simply by the actions of government, courts
and tribunals and Commissions. Political and social leadership,
customer and peer pressure, the development of good practices and
campaigning all have a crucial part to play. Employers, trade
unions, social organisations and clubs, service providers and
individuals all have to take voluntary action to achieve the goals
of the legislation. One thing that is clear is that the present
legislation is badly in need of modernisation. The present acts are
outdated, piecemeal and inconsistent. They fall short of the
standards set by EU law, international human rights law, and the
Human Rights Act. In writing this report, the authors set out to
develop an accessible and cost-effective legislative framework for
ensuring equality of opportunity, and to propose other measures
which will promote equal opportunity policies and spur compliance
with those policies. In the course of preparing the report they
have considered experience in other countries. They have heard from
many individuals and organisations who have either experienced the
effects of discrimination or attempted to counter it. They
conducted a survey of employers in Britain, Northern Ireland and
the USA, which shows that human resource managers are looking for a
new more inclusive approach not only to prevent discrimination but
also to provide positively for the fair participation of all
groups. These views, together with those of an advisory group drawn
from government, the Commissions, and tribunals, as well as a panel
of academic and practising lawyers, form the backdrop to the
recommendations contained in this report. Coming at a time when the
Government is committed to introducing new equality legislation the
report is bound to be highly influential. It will be essential
reading for all those interested in human rights, discrimination
and employment law, and human resources management. TABLE OF
CONTENTS Introduction - Aims and Methodology Ch. 1 - Why a new
famework is needed Ch. 2 - Harmonising legislation and institutions
Ch. 3 - Changing organisational policy and behaviour Ch. 4 - Making
procedures and remedies more effective Appendices The research was
sponsored by the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust and the Nuffield
Foundation, and was conducted under the auspices of the Centre for
Public Law and the Judge Institute of Management Studies in the
University of Cambridge.
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