The essential introduction to the understanding of the structure of inorganic solids and materials. This revised and updated 2nd Edition looks at new developments and research results within Structural Inorganic Chemistry in a number of ways, special attention is paid to crystalline solids, elucidation and description of the spatial order of atoms within a chemical compound. Structural principles of inorganic molecules and solids are described through traditional concepts, modern bond-theoretical theories, as well as taking symmetry as a leading principle.

The phase transformation from liquid to solid is a phenomenon central to a wide range of manufacturing and natural processes. The presence of phase transformation can drive convection in the melt through the liberation of latent heat, the rejection of solute, and the change of density upon freezing. The fluid mechanics itself can playa central role; the phase transformation can be strongly altered by convective transport in the liquid through the modification of the thermal and solutal environment of the solid-liquid interface; these local fields control the freezing characteristics at the interface. The convection can be generated naturally by buoyancy forces arising from gradients of temperature and concentration in the liquid, by density changes upon freezing, and by thermocapillary and solutocapillary forces on liquid-solid interfaces. The interactive coupling between solidification and convection forms the subject of this volume. Such coupled processes are significant on a large range of scales. Among the applications of interest are the manufacture of single crystals, the processing of surfaces using laser or molecular beams, and the processes of soldering and welding. One wants to understand and predict macrosegregation in castings, transport and fractionation in geological and geophysical systems, and heat accumulation in energy redistribution and storage systems. This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Interactive Dynamics of Convection and Solidification" held in Chamonix, France, March 8-13, 1992.

INSTEAD OF A "FESTSCHRIFT" In June 1998 Hans Primas turned 70 years old. Although he himself is not fond of jubilees and although he likes to play the decimal system of numbers down as contingent, this is nevertheless a suitable occasion to reflect on the professional work of one of the rare distinguished contempo rary scientists who attach equal importance to experimental and theoretical and conceptual lines of research. Hans Primas' interests have covered an enormous range: methods and instruments for nuclear magnetic resonance, theoretical chemistry, C* - and W* -algebraic formulations of quantum me chanics, the measurement problem and its various implications, holism and realism in quantum theory, theory reduction, the work and personality of Wolfgang Pauli, as well as Jungian psychology. In many of these fields he provided important and original food for thought, in some cases going far beyond the everyday business in the scien tific world. As is the case with other scientists who are conceptually inno vative, Hans Primas is read more than he is quoted. His influence is due to his writings. Even with the current flood of publications, he still performs the miracle of having scientists eagerly awaiting his next publication."

Ludwig Prandtl, with his fundamental contributions to hydrodynamics, ae- dynamics, and gas dynamics, greatly in?uenced the development of ?uid - chanics as a whole, and it was his pioneering research in the ?rst half of the last century that founded modern ?uid mechanics. His book Fu]hrer durch die Str]omungslehre, which appeared in 1942, originated from previous pub- cations in 1913, Lehre von der Flu]ssigkeit und Gasbewegung, and 1931, Abriss der Str]omungslehre. The title Fu]hrer durch die Str]omungslehre, or Essentials of Fluid Mechanics, is an indication of Prandtl's intentions to guide the reader on a carefully thought-out path through the di?erent areas of ?uid mech- ics. On his way, the author advances intuitively to the core of the physical problem, without extensive mathematical derivations. The description of the fundamental physical phenomena and concepts of ?uid mechanics that are needed to derive the simpli?ed models has priority over a formal treatment of the methods. This is in keeping with the spirit of Prandtl's research work. The ?rst edition of Prandtl's Fu]hrer durch die Str]omungslehre was the only book on ?uid mechanics of its time and, even today, counts as one of the most important books in this area. After Prandtl's death, his students Klaus Oswatitsch and Karl Wieghardt undertook to continue his work, and to add new ?ndings in ?uid mechanics in the same clear manner of presentation."

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Wirbeltransportgleichung, die Poisson Gleichung fUr die Stromfunktion und die Impulsgleichung in spharischen Koordina ten mit Hilfe finiter Differenzenapproximationen integriert. Mit der Leisung werden rotationssymmetrische Str1: imungen in Kugelspalten fUr verschiedene Winkelbe schleunigungen der Innenkugel untersucht. Der Vergleich der errechneten Ergebnis se mit experimentellen Daten zeigt, dal3 die Auswahl des Gitternetzes die Ergebnisse entscheidend beeinflussen" kann. Wird die Schrittweite zu gr 13 gewahlt, stellt sich eine L1: isung ein, die nicht zu den vorgegebenen Randbedingungen geh1: irt. Es lal3t sich jedoch eine Genauigkeitsbedingung angeben, mit der diese Schwierig keit umgangen werden kann. FUr stationare Str1: imungen sind die berechneten Drehmomente in guter Ubereinstimmung mit bekannten experimentellen Daten. Die bisher vorliegenden Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dal3 einige instationare Str1: imungszustande zumindest wahrend der Beschleunigungsphase dreidimensionalen Charakter haben, jedoch werden bei kleineren Spaltweiten auch fUr rotationssym metrische Str1: imungen instationare Zustande berechnet. Die resultierenden Dreh momentenbeiwerte zeigen Schwankungen von etwa sechs Prozent. Eine Analyse der Stromlinienbilder ergibt, dal3 periodisch Wirbel in einiger Entfernung vom Aquator erzeugt und in seiner Nahe wieder unterdrUckt werden. Andere Rechnungen, die mit der angegebenen L1: isungsmethode durchgefUhrt wurden, bestatigen die Kirchgass nersche Stabilitatsgrenze, die naherungsweise fUr Kugelspaltstr1: imungen auch in der Nahe des Aquators gilt. Die Integrationen wurden vom Zustand der Ruhe begonnen. Durch Anderung der Winkelbeschleunigung in Abhangigkeit von der Zeit lassen sich Verzweigungen der L1: isung bestimmen. ZukUnftige Arbeiten sehen die Konstruktion eines Verzwei gungsdiagramms vor."

The book deals with the theme of incompressible flows of electrically conducting fluids in hydraulic components. The main content of the book is a result of engineering research associated with the design of liquid metal cooling systems for fusion reactors. The book is well suited to serve as a guide for utilising magnetohydrodynamic means in other engineering disciplines such as in material processing, metallurgical engineering and power engineering.

This book serves as an introduction to magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for graduate and advanced undergraduate engineering students. It may be used by engineers and physicists in research institutions and industry to become familiar with the particular phenomena of magnetothermohydraulics in technical liquid metal flows influenced by magnetic fields. The starting point of the book is the outcome of a recent nuclear fusion project. Therefore, it contains many new results that can be utilized for the design and optimization of various technical systems and processes.

The phase transformation from liquid to solid is a phenomenon central to a wide range of manufacturing and natural processes. The presence of phase transformation can drive convection in the melt through the liberation of latent heat, the rejection of solute, and the change of density upon freezing. The fluid mechanics itself can playa central role; the phase transformation can be strongly altered by convective transport in the liquid through the modification of the thermal and solutal environment of the solid-liquid interface; these local fields control the freezing characteristics at the interface. The convection can be generated naturally by buoyancy forces arising from gradients of temperature and concentration in the liquid, by density changes upon freezing, and by thermocapillary and solutocapillary forces on liquid-solid interfaces. The interactive coupling between solidification and convection forms the subject of this volume. Such coupled processes are significant on a large range of scales. Among the applications of interest are the manufacture of single crystals, the processing of surfaces using laser or molecular beams, and the processes of soldering and welding. One wants to understand and predict macrosegregation in castings, transport and fractionation in geological and geophysical systems, and heat accumulation in energy redistribution and storage systems. This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Interactive Dynamics of Convection and Solidification" held in Chamonix, France, March 8-13, 1992.

Ludwig Prandtl, with his fundamental contributions to hydrodynamics, ae- dynamics, and gas dynamics, greatly in?uenced the development of ?uid - chanics as a whole, and it was his pioneering research in the ?rst half of the last century that founded modern ?uid mechanics. His book Fu]hrer durch die Str]omungslehre, which appeared in 1942, originated from previous pub- cations in 1913, Lehre von der Flu]ssigkeit und Gasbewegung, and 1931, Abriss der Str]omungslehre. The title Fu]hrer durch die Str]omungslehre, or Essentials of Fluid Mechanics, is an indication of Prandtl's intentions to guide the reader on a carefully thought-out path through the di?erent areas of ?uid mech- ics. On his way, the author advances intuitively to the core of the physical problem, without extensive mathematical derivations. The description of the fundamental physical phenomena and concepts of ?uid mechanics that are needed to derive the simpli?ed models has priority over a formal treatment of the methods. This is in keeping with the spirit of Prandtl's research work. The ?rst edition of Prandtl's Fu]hrer durch die Str]omungslehre was the only book on ?uid mechanics of its time and, even today, counts as one of the most important books in this area. After Prandtl's death, his students Klaus Oswatitsch and Karl Wieghardt undertook to continue his work, and to add new ?ndings in ?uid mechanics in the same clear manner of presentation."

The essential introduction to the understanding of the structure of inorganic solids and materials. This revised and updated 2nd Edition looks at new developments and research results within Structural Inorganic Chemistry in a number of ways, special attention is paid to crystalline solids, elucidation and description of the spatial order of atoms within a chemical compound. Structural principles of inorganic molecules and solids are described through traditional concepts, modern bond-theoretical theories, as well as taking symmetry as a leading principle.

This volume deals with fundamental problems of the natural sciences and the philosophy of nature. The issues addressed touch upon the many research areas of Hans Primas, and they reflect both the depth and the breadth of his interests, ranging from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, theoretical chemistry, theory reduction, the measurement problem, holism and realism in quantum theory, to the dialogue between W. Pauli and C. G. Jung. Each individual contribution is prefaced by a short editorial introduction, relating diverse topics to each other and embedding them in a wider frame.