This report is about people living on an edge, an unstable edge of sand arcing into the North Atlantic at the tip of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. They are dune dwellers, self-reliant mavericks choosing to live seasonally in fragile shacks perched on a ridge of barrier dunes above the sea. Here in winter, the empty shacks are exposed to battering northeast storms from the open ocean. From spring through fall when the shacks are used, they are bathed with reflected light from unrestricted horizons. The shacks float on what some dune dwellers call a "liquid earth," dunes that move, an unstable landscape of sand, wet berry bogs, thorny heaths, and stunted patches of pitch pine and oak. For generations the special qualities at the cape's farthest end have drawn fishers, artists, writers, and authentic eccentrics, forming into distinctive communities and establishing roots. It's a wondrous edge, the dune dwellers assert, offering solitude, new vistas, and creative energy. It's why they've lived there in simple shacks for generations, to be intimately connected to it, purposively exposed on the outer edge of the continent.

Reverend J. William Jones, a chaplain in Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and a witness to the significant religious activity within that army during the American Civil War, stated, But any history of that army which omits an account of the wonderful influence of religion upon it -- which fails to tell how the courage, discipline, and morale of the whole was influenced by the humble piety and evangelical zeal of many of its officers and men -- would be incomplete and unsatisfactory. His words summarize the general mood experienced by the soldiers of Lee's Army during the "Great Revival." There were two sweeping and prolonged revivals that the Army of Northern Virginia experienced. The first occurred along the Rappahannock River in the Fredericksburg, Virginia area, from September 1862 until May 1863. The revivals reappeared more forcefully a second time from August 1863 (after the Gettysburg Campaign) until May 1864 along the Rapidan River near Orange Court House, Virginia. In these two extended revivals, which often marked the time between campaigns for the Confederate soldier, large crowds of soldiers gathered repeatedly, impressive numbers of professions to the Christian faith were counted, demands for tracts and testaments increased, and the individual soldier-converts exhibited a changed lifestyle. As setbacks beset Lee's Army in 1863, and news of Confederate defeats in other theaters arrived, the Army of Northern Virginia became more introspective, humble, and repentive of perceived sins. Many of the soldiers even became convinced that God would intervene on their army's behalf, but only when the Confederate nation purged its bad elements. 106 Overall, the individual soldier, the clergy, and everyone else close to the revivals were profoundly effected. A close investigation into these meaningful religious events with a focus on 1863 will show the extent to which the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia was impacted by religious zeal.

This Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program (SAIP) is intended to provide a framework for systematic, scientific research that locates, evaluates, and documents archeological resources. The importance of the SAIP is that it emphasizes research within a cultural resources management framework. The purpose, structure, and requirements of the SAIP have been published and each NPS region is required to develop a regional plan to implement this program. This document represents the plan for the Midwest Region.

The Todd House is one of six historic house museums under the care of Independence National Historical Park. This report is meant to supplement the original 1960s Todd House furnishing plan, not replace it. The reader is encouraged to read both documents together to gain a better understanding of the entire site.

This manual has been prepared to aid those individuals- monument custodians, park naturalists, historians, and museum curators- who operate National Park Service museums in the field. This manual provides some convenient sources of information on the intricacies of various museum techniques.