This study is to analyze the factors of cognitive engagement in content of the courses at AIOU. For this purpose, the unit entitled 'Futurology and Education of course "Trends and Issues in Education" code 3701for MS Leading to PhD program of AIOU was selected. The objectives of the project work were to identify and analyze the factors of cognitive engagement and to give suggestions for the improvement of the said course in the light of opinions of faculty members and students. The population of study was all faculty members of AIOU Faculty of education and all students of MS Leading to Ph.D. Program enrolled in semester spring 2009 who studied the said course. In view of the time and resources constraints, unit #1 entitled 'Futurology and Education of course "Trends and Issues in Education" code 3701for MS Leading to Ph.D program of AIOU was selected in order to collect the data through structured questionnaire designed for the purpose. The data was analyzed and the results were converted into percentages and mean scores. Findings were drawn and conclusion were made The language of the content is simple.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the behavioral problems in the disabled students, thus explaining the poor social and behavioral functioning associated with learning disabilities and emotional disturbances. Students with physical disabilities were used as sample for the purpose of study. A checklist of liking and disliking, perceptions of self-worth and social acceptance, and teacher ratings of conduct problems, anxiety-withdrawal, and attention problems was considered to obtain data. Students with disabilities were less accepted and liked and also perceived their self-worth and social acceptance to be lower than normal students. Group interactions were apparent for several of the peer rating and behavioral variables, indicating that different patterns of social and behavioral functioning distinguished them from the normal students. The findings highlight that majority of the disabled students have bitter behavioral expressions, and low achievement. The study supports the notion that there may be a common cognitive cause for both disability and behavior problems. The study is equally beneficial for trainers, researchers and special education trainee teachers.

The book explains the profound types of learners in an environment and the impacts created by individual differences on learning. Myer Briggs Type Indicator and an index of learning styles is used to check the differences in learning on the basis of individual differences. The impacts of individual differences on cognitive learning are identified by using a self developed questionnaire. Students with individual differences had profound impacts on learning. Group interactions are apparent for several of the peer rating and variables, indicating that different patterns of social and behavioral functioning distinguished them from the ordinary learners. Moreover learning is always directly affected; the impacts are both positive and negative. This book is beneficial for educationists, trainers, teachers and trainee teachers with new concepts of focusing individual differences in learning.

In this book different techniques were used for the production of amylases from Aspergillus niger It is highly desirable to increase the production and thermal stability of alpha amylases so that the process can be made more economical. Enzyme Engineering Group at Industrial Biotechnology Division, NIBGE, Faisalabad is actively involved in microbial strain development through random mutagenesis and genetic engineering. A deoxy -D-glucose resistant (DG) mutant of Aspergillus niger was developed through gamma rays treatment. The present study was focussed on the optimization of growth conditions for maximum production of -amylases by parent and DG-resistant mutant derivative of Aspergillus niger. Moreover, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of -amylase from hyper producer mutant were also determined. This book is equally beneficial for the researcher, students, faculty members and the scientists with new knowledge of the production of enzyme."