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On the 40th anniversary of the Beresinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless
Theory (BKT), this informative volume looks back at some of the
developments and achievements and varied physics applications which
ensued from the beautiful BKT vortex-unbinding seminal idea. During
the last four decades, BKT theory, which is undeniably one of the
most important developments in condensed matter and theoretical
physics of the second half of the twentieth century, has expanded
widely. It has been used and extended from many different
theoretical and experimental perspectives. New and unexpected
features have been uncovered from the BKT theory. Since its
inception, apart from applications in condensed matter physics, the
theory has been actively applied in other branches of physics, such
as high energy physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics,
statistical physics, nonlinear systems, etc. This makes the theory
an indispensable topic for all who are involved in physics. An
international team of experts, each of whom has left his mark on
the developments of this remarkable theory and experimental
applications, contribute both historical essays and more detailed
current technical and experimental accounts to this volume. These
articles highlight the new discoveries from the respective authors'
perspectives. This unique volume celebrates the impact over four
decades of the BKT theory on modern physics. In addition to the
historical perspective provided by Kosterlitz and Thouless's
overview, the volume provides a comprehensive description of
experimental and theoretical applications and extensions of the BKT
theory.
Geometry and topology have been a fascination in physics since the
start of the 20th century. A leading example is Einstein's
geometrical theory of gravity. At the beginning of the 1970s,
topological ideas entered areas of condensed matter physics. These
advances were driven by new seminal ideas resolving a serious
contradiction between experiment and the standard interpretation of
a rigorous mathematical theorem which led to the study of new
exotic topological phases of matter. Topological defect driven
phase transitions in thin, two dimensional films of superfluids,
superconductors and crystals have provided great insight into the
mechanism governing these topological phases present in those
physical systems. Moreover, many of these topological properties
remain 'protected' against disorder and topological distortion
perturbations. An example of possible applications of such
robustness to perturbations is in the search for encoding
information in quantum computers, potentially providing the
platform for fault-tolerant quantum computations.In the past four
decades, the discovery of topological phases engendered great
interest in condensed matter physics. It also attracted the
attention of researchers working on quantum information, quantum
materials and simulations, high energy physics and string theory.
This unique volume contains articles written by some of the most
prominent names in the field, including Nobel Laureate John Michael
Kosterlitz and Professor Jorge V Jose. They originate from talks
and discussions by leading experts at a recent workshop. They
review previous works as well as addressing contemporary
developments in the most pressing and important issues on various
aspects of topological phases and topological phase transitions.
Esta obra ha sido preparada para servir a los productores,
investigadores, estudiantes y publico en general que, es de su
interes la cria, explotacion y manejo la produccion de cerdos.
Diferentes experimentos complementan la indiscutible riqueza del
texto. Con el objetivo de presentar diferentes estrategias sobre el
manejo nutricional del cerdo; presentando estas estrategias por
capitulos, asi como se presentan resultados del comportamiento
productivo y la digestibilidad de los nutrientes que consume el
cerdo. Todo lo anterior con miras a producir un cerdo mas eficiente
en la utilizacion de sus nutrientes y contamine menos el medio
ambiente que lo rodea, produciendo una mejor calidad de su carne y
a un menor costo en tiempo y formase . Esta obra debe ayudar a
clarificar muchas dudas sobre la produccion del cerdo moderno
actual, y debe resultar muy util para los profesionales de la
industria porcina.
En este trabajo se realizo un estudio sobre como cuantificar dos
flavonoides comunes en los citricos, la hesperidina y la Naringina,
con la finalidad de cuantificar la proporcion de dichos flavonoides
en diferentes etapas de maduracion de los diferentes citricos
seleccionados. De los metodos de cromatografia que existen para
separar estos flavonoides, es la cromatografia de liquidos de alta
resolucion (HPLC) la que se utilizo. Esta tecnica es util siempre y
cuando el compuesto a analizar no sea volatil, y termicamente
inestable. Las variables analizadas fueron diferentes citricos
(naranja valencia, toronja roja, toronja rosa, toronja blanca y
limon persa) asi como distintas partes de estos (jugo, pulpa y
cascara). Otro factor que se considero fue el grado de madurez del
citrico (Relacion Grados Brix sobre la acidez). En base a los
resultados obtenidos, se encontraron concentraciones entre 100 y
150 ppm de Hesperidina en los distintos citricos analizados; no
detectando Naringina en Naranja, Tangerina y limon. Sin embargo, en
la toronja se obtuvieron concentraciones desde 200 hasta 4000 ppm
de Naringina y 100 ppm de hesperidina."
El presente trabajo desarrolla un modelo econometrico para
determinar la relacion que puede existir entre el precio del
credito en el mercado bancario colombiano y la concentracion
existente en el mismo, basado en la metodologia
"Estructura-Conducta-Resultados" proveniente de trabajos de
Organizacion Industrial aplicados al sector bancario. Se pretende
establecer si la concentracion de la banca en el mercado de credito
colombiano es un determinante de las tasas de interes. En el
desarrollo se efectua una breve presentacion de antecedentes
historicos en torno a algunas variables del mercado de credito y se
efectuan algunas aproximaciones a la concentracion del mercado
bancario en Colombia a traves de los indices de
Herfindahl-Hirschman. Enseguida se plantea la hipotesis de trabajo
y el modelo econometrico a usar decidiendo las variables mas
relevantes de acuerdo a la teoria economica y los resultados
estadisticos, se realizan las pruebas respectivas al modelo y se
presentan de los resultados."
El tomate es uno de los frutos mas populares a nivel mundial
generando una derrama economica considerable y una fuente
importante de divisas y empleos. Sin embargo, la produccion y
distribucion del fruto se ve limitada por su susceptibilidad a
desarrollar un desorden fisiologico conocido como dano por frio,
cuando se expone a temperaturas por debajo de la critica (12 C),
pero superiores a la de congelacion, manifestandose con la
aparicion de diversos sintomas que disminuyen su calidad. Se conoce
poco acerca de las bases bioquimicas de esta sintomatologia por lo
que en la presente publicacion se analiza el efecto del dano por
frio sobre la calidad poscosecha de tomate ademas de identificar
algunas proteinas relacionadas con este desorden fisiologico
durante el almacenamiento y maduracion del fruto. Este estudio
aporta informacion que facilitara un mejor entendimiento de los
mecanismos involucrados en el dano por frio, y debe resultar muy
util para los profesionales del area de investigacion agricola,
tecnologos en alimentos y academicos o para quien se encuentre
interesado en temas de manejo poscosecha."
Recent advances in the study of dynamical systems have revolutionized the way that classical mechanics is taught and understood. This new and comprehensive textbook provides a complete description of this fundamental branch of physics. The authors cover all the material that one would expect to find in a standard graduate course: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics, canonical transformations, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, perturbation methods, and rigid bodies. They also deal with more advanced topics such as the relativistic Kepler problem, Liouville and Darboux theorems, and inverse and chaotic scattering. A key feature of the book is the early introduction of geometric (differential manifold) ideas, as well as detailed treatment of topics in nonlinear dynamics (such as the KAM theorem) and continuum dynamics (including solitons). Over 200 homework exercises are included. It will be an ideal textbook for graduate students of physics, applied mathematics, theoretical chemistry, and engineering, as well as a useful reference for researchers in these fields. A solutions manual is available exclusively for instructors.
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