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This text discusses factors such as mast overload, capacity of
drawworks, and deviation in the hole to be drilled and the strata
to be drilled. An omnibus approach to drilling techniques and
problems is adopted.
The increasing number of dams built in the last century has
underlined the necessity of these constructions to the all-round
development of a country. The advent of rock mechanics, engineering
geology and a better understanding of materials have made it
possible to construct higher and larger dams and to tackle more
difficult sites. The assumptions and risks used in the theory of
dam design include such unpredictable events as earthquakes,
floods, and geological faults or soft seams, which may be either
underestimated or completely missed during initial exploration.
Incidents relating to dams are manageable at an early stage,
whereas accidents, which are largely unforeseen, result in
unexpected behaviour of dams and in catastrophic failures.
Investigations conducted to determine the cause of a failure may
not reveal the true sequence of events, while expert analyses are
often controversial. From the dams that do not fail, of course, we
learn nothing. Systematically monitoring the dam's behaviour from
the potential risk stage to the accident event, would allow a
hazard-management programme to be implemented, minimising loss of
life and property, and provide useful data.
The papers compiled in this book cover almost all aspects of
in-situ characterization ranging from rock mass classification
measurement of in-situ stresses, strength and deformation
characteristics to field instrumentation and back analysis of
observations made.
The papers included in this book describe various in-situ tests,
routine and soil-specific, being used in various countries. The
work opens new vistas of improvement in in-situ tests for soils to
suit certain specific soil-structure interaction and designed
performance of structure
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