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The laser as a source of coherent optical radiation has made it
possible to investigate nonlinear interaction of optical radiation
with atoms and mole cules. Its availability has given rise to new
research fields, such as non linear optics, laser spectroscopy,
laser photochemistry, that lie at the boundary between quantum
electronics and physical optics, optical spectros copy and
photochemistry, respectively. The use of coherent optical radiation
in each of these fields has led to the discovery of qualitatively
ne\~ effects and possibilities; in particular, some rather subtle
effects of interaction between highly monochromatic light and atoms
and molecules, in optical spec troscopy, have formed the bases for
certain methods of so-called nonlinear, laser Doppler-free
spectroscopy. These methods have made it possible to in 5 6 crease
the resolution of spectroscopic studies from between 10 and 10 ,
lim 11 ited by Doppl er 1 i ne broadeni ng up, to about 10 ; at
present some 1 abor atories are developing new techniques that have
even higher resolution. The discovery and elaboration of the
methods of nonlinear laser spectroscopy have resulted largely from
contributions by scientists from many countries, in particular from
the USA (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford Uni
versity, National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Harvard
University, etc. ), the USSR (P. N. Levedev Institute of Physics,
Institute of Semiconductor Phys ics in Novosibirsk, Institute of
Spectroscopy, etc.
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