A compilation of papers presented at the 2003 European Summer Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, Logic Colloquium '03 includes tutorials and research articles from some of the world's preeminent logicians. One article is a tutorial on finite model theory and query languages that lie between first order and second order logic. The other articles cover current research topics in all areas of mathematical logic, including Proof Theory, Set Theory, Model Theory, and Computability Theory, and Philosophy.

Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. This volume, the second publication in the Lecture Notes in Logic series, is the proceedings of the Association for Symbolic Logic meeting held in Helsinki, Finland, in July 1990. It contains eighteen papers by leading researchers, covering all fields of mathematical logic from the philosophy of mathematics, through model theory, proof theory, recursion theory, and set theory, to the connections of logic to computer science. The articles published here are still widely cited and continue to provide ideas for ongoing research projects.

In this volume, different aspects of logics for dependence and independence are discussed, including both the logical and computational aspects of dependence logic, and also applications in a number of areas, such as statistics, social choice theory, databases, and computer security. The contributing authors represent leading experts in this relatively new field, each of whom was invited to write a chapter based on talks given at seminars held at the Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz Center for Informatics in Wadern, Germany (in February 2013 and June 2015) and an Academy Colloquium at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (March 2014). Altogether, these chapters provide the most up-to-date look at this developing and highly interdisciplinary field and will be of interest to a broad group of logicians, mathematicians, statisticians, philosophers, and scientists. Topics covered include a comprehensive survey of many propositional, modal, and first-order variants of dependence logic; new results concerning expressive power of several variants of dependence logic with different sets of logical connectives and generalized dependence atoms; connections between inclusion logic and the least-fixed point logic; an overview of dependencies in databases by addressing the relationships between implication problems for fragments of statistical conditional independencies, embedded multivalued dependencies, and propositional logic; various Markovian models used to characterize dependencies and causality among variables in multivariate systems; applications of dependence logic in social choice theory; and an introduction to the theory of secret sharing, pointing out connections to dependence and independence logic.

In this volume, different aspects of logics for dependence and independence are discussed, including both the logical and computational aspects of dependence logic, and also applications in a number of areas, such as statistics, social choice theory, databases, and computer security. The contributing authors represent leading experts in this relatively new field, each of whom was invited to write a chapter based on talks given at seminars held at the Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz Center for Informatics in Wadern, Germany (in February 2013 and June 2015) and an Academy Colloquium at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (March 2014). Altogether, these chapters provide the most up-to-date look at this developing and highly interdisciplinary field and will be of interest to a broad group of logicians, mathematicians, statisticians, philosophers, and scientists. Topics covered include a comprehensive survey of many propositional, modal, and first-order variants of dependence logic; new results concerning expressive power of several variants of dependence logic with different sets of logical connectives and generalized dependence atoms; connections between inclusion logic and the least-fixed point logic; an overview of dependencies in databases by addressing the relationships between implication problems for fragments of statistical conditional independencies, embedded multivalued dependencies, and propositional logic; various Markovian models used to characterize dependencies and causality among variables in multivariate systems; applications of dependence logic in social choice theory; and an introduction to the theory of secret sharing, pointing out connections to dependence and independence logic.

Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Communication, WoLLIC 2016, held in Puebla, Mexico, in August 2016.The 23 contributed papers, presented together with 9 invited lectures and tutorials, were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. The focus of the workshop is to provide a forum on inter-disciplinary research involving formal logic, computing and programming theory, and natural language and reasoning.

Dependence is a common phenomenon, wherever one looks: ecological systems, astronomy, human history, stock markets - but what is the logic of dependence? This book is the first to carry out a systematic logical study of this important concept, giving on the way a precise mathematical treatment of Hintikka's independence friendly logic. Dependence logic adds the concept of dependence to first order logic. Here the syntax and semantics of dependence logic are studied, dependence logic is given an alternative game theoretic semantics, and sharp results about its complexity are proven. This is a textbook suitable for a special course in logic in mathematics, philosophy and computer science departments, and contains over 200 exercises, many of which have a full solution at the end of the book. It is also accessible to general readers, with a basic knowledge of logic, interested in new phenomena in logic.

Dependence is a common phenomenon, wherever one looks: ecological systems, astronomy, human history, stock markets - but what is the logic of dependence? This book is the first to carry out a systematic logical study of this important concept, giving on the way a precise mathematical treatment of Hintikka's independence friendly logic. Dependence logic adds the concept of dependence to first order logic. Here the syntax and semantics of dependence logic are studied, dependence logic is given an alternative game theoretic semantics, and sharp results about its complexity are proven. This is a textbook suitable for a special course in logic in mathematics, philosophy and computer science departments, and contains over 200 exercises, many of which have a full solution at the end of the book. It is also accessible to general readers, with a basic knowledge of logic, interested in new phenomena in logic.

A plain English guide to high frequency trading and off-exchange trading practices In Dark Pools & High Frequency Trading For Dummies, senior private banker Jukka Vaananen has created an indispensable and friendly guide to what really goes on inside dark pools, what rewards you can reap as an investor and how wider stock markets and pricing may be affected by dark pools. Written with the classic For Dummies style that has become a hallmark of the brand, Vaananen makes this complex material easy to understand with an insider's look into the topic. The book takes a detailed look at the pros and the cons of trading in dark pools, and how this type of trading differs from more traditional routes. It also examines how dark pools are currently regulated, and how the regulatory landscape may be changing. * Learn what types of dark pools exist, and how a typical transaction works * Discover the rules and regulations for dark pools, and some of the downsides to trading * Explore how dark pools can benefit investors and banks, and who can trade in them * Recognize the ins and outs of automated and high frequency trading Because dark pools allow companies to trade stocks anonymously and away from the public exchange, they are not subject to the peaks and troughs of the stock market, and have only recently begun to take off in a big way. Written with investors and finance students in mind, Dark Pools & High Frequency Trading For Dummies is the ultimate reference guide for anyone looking to understand dark pools and dark liquidity, including the different order types and key HFT strategies.

This book comprises revised full versions of lectures given during the 9th European Summer School in Logic, Languages, and Information, ESSLLI'97, held in Aix-en-Provence, France, in August 1997. The six lectures presented introduce the reader to the state of the art in the area of generalized quantifiers and computation. Besides an introductory survey by the volume editor various aspects of generalized quantifiers are studied in depth.

This gentle introduction to logic and model theory is based on a systematic use of three important games in logic: the semantic game; the Ehrenfeucht Fraisse game; and the model existence game. The third game has not been isolated in the literature before but it underlies the concepts of Beth tableaux and consistency properties. Jouko Vaananen shows that these games are closely related and in turn govern the three interrelated concepts of logic: truth, elementary equivalence and proof. All three methods are developed not only for first order logic but also for infinitary logic and generalized quantifiers. Along the way, the author also proves completeness theorems for many logics, including the cofinality quantifier logic of Shelah, a fully compact extension of first order logic. With over 500 exercises this book is ideal for graduate courses, covering the basic material as well as more advanced applications.

Finnish Christmas drama imagining Santa Claus's childhood. When young Nikolas (Otto Gustavsson) becomes orphaned after an accident, the residents of his village decide to care for him collectively, the arrangement being that every Christmas Nikolas will move on to a new home in the village. Nikolas starts making toys as gifts for the children of the families who extended their generosity towards him. Over the years, Nikolas's former adoptive families become many, and almost every household finds presents on its doorstep on Christmas morning. But things look set to change when Nikolas goes to work for grumpy carpenter Iisakki (Kari Vaananen). Can he find a way to continue bringing joy to children at Christmas time?

Translated by Inkeri Vaananen-Jensen. Proverbs of Finland heritage. Front and back covers of Finland State Forest, Minnesota. Hand calligraphy and line art throughout by Esther Feske. An axe is not sharpened on only one side. Keep learning as long as you live. Hurry slowly. If you don't go, you can't return. Every man can tell you how, even if he can't do it. The day is longer in the morning. There is time enough to rest in the grave. Sauna, the poor man's drug store. Even the most wise makes one mistake. A full purse does not jingle. 6"x9" 51 pages.

The Annual European Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, also known as the Logic Colloquium, is among the most prestigious annual meetings in the field. The current volume, with contributions from plenary speakers and selected special session speakers, contains both expository and research papers by some of the best logicians in the world. The most topical areas of current research are covered: valued fields, Hrushovski constructions (from model theory), algorithmic randomness, relative computability (from computability theory), strong forcing axioms and cardinal arithmetic, large cardinals and determinacy (from set theory), as well as foundational topics such as algebraic set theory, reverse mathematics, and unprovability. This volume will be invaluable for experts as well as those interested in an overview of central contemporary themes in mathematical logic.

Avant-propos Explications de quelques signes et abreviations Bibliographie Premiere partie - Le latin vulgaire: notions generales A. Le latin vulgaire et latin tout court B. Le latin a la conquete du monde 1. L'expansion romaine 2. La romanisation 3. Elaboration du latin commun et litteraire C. Les " ages" du latin D. Sources du latin vulgaire E. De l'unite latine a la diversite romane Deuxieme partie - Les sons A. Les voyelles 1. Duree, timbre et accent 2. Voyelles simples 3.Diphtongues 4. Syncope 5. Hiatus 6. Prothese et apherese 7. Apocope B. Les consonnes 1. Les semi-voyelles w et y 2. L'aspiration h 3. Occlusives aspirees grecques 4. Les occlusives sourdes et sonores 5. Consonnes geminees et consonnes simples 6. Groupes de consonnes a) Assimilation b) Traitements particuliers de groupes intervocaliques c) Groupes de consonnes secondaires non toleres 7. Consonnes finales 8. Dissimilation consonantique Troisieme partie - Les mots A. Generalites B. Facteurs psychiques C. Facteurs sociaux D. Facteurs ethniques E. Onomatopees et mots expressifs F. Derivation 1. Derivation proprement dite ou suffixation a) Suffixes nominaux b) Suffixes verbaux 2. Derivation retrograde G. Composition H. Formation par prefixes I. Changement de sens Quatrieme partie - Les formes et leurs fonctions A. Generalites B. Le nom 1. Le genre 2. Les themes 3. Les declinaisons 4. Ruine et declinaison 5. L'accusatif et le nominatif 6. Formes casuelles figees 7. Le comparatif et le superlatif 8. Noms de nombres 9. Les pronoms C. Le verbe 1. Les voix - Transitivite et intransivite 2. Le passif 3. Les temps de l'actif 4. Le subjonctif 5. L'imperatif 6. Les themes de l'infectum 7. La conjugaison inchoative 8. Les formes personnelles de l'infectum 9. Les formes non personnelles de l'infectum 10. Les formes personnelles du perfectum 11. Les formes non personnelles du perfectum Cinquieme partie - La phrase A. La phrase simple 1. L'accord 2. L'interrogation 3. "Oui" et "non" dans les reponses 4. La negation 5. L'ordre des mots 6. Complements d'attribut et d'apposition 7. Complement d'adverbe B. La phrase complexe 1. Coordination et subordination 2. Termes de coordination 3. La proposition relative 4. Propositions completives et circonstancielles 5. L'interrogation indirecte 6. La phrase conditionnelle C. Constructions absolues Anthologie de textes latins teintes de vulgarismes Addenda et corrigenda Index.