This proceedings book contains 21 articles that arouse the greatest interest among experts from academia, industry and scientific experts in the area of the structural transformation of industrial and economic systems on a new technological base. V Scientific International Conference "Technological Transformation: A New Role for Human, Machines and Management (TT-2020)" was held on 16-18 September 2020 in St. Petersburg at the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. The conference aimed to discuss the results of system studies on the key drivers and consequences of wide digitalization in various sectors of the economy and industry, as well as in the service sector. Topics were presented: New industrial base, Virtual engineering, Diffusion of technology, Digital infrastructure, Supercomputers, Cyberphysical interface and Informatics of cognitive processes, Convergence, harmonization and integration of artificial and natural intelligence, Changing social and economic landscape and new management systems, Digital technologies in logistics, Cyberphysical systems and artificial intelligence.