Economic projections point to a need for approximately 1 million more STEM professionals than the U.S. will produce at the current rate over the next decade if the country is to retain its historical pre-eminence in science and technology. To meet this goal, the United States will need to increase the number of students who receive undergraduate STEM degrees by about 34% annually over current rates. This book provides an overview for strategies to improve STEM education during the first two years of college, thereby being responsive to both the challenges and the opportunities that this crucial stage in the STEM education pathway presents.