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The ARTEMIS mission was initiated by skillfully moving the two
outermost Earth-orbiting THEMIS spacecraft into lunar orbit to
conduct unprecedented dual spacecraft observations of the lunar
environment. ARTEMIS stands for Acceleration, Reconnection,
Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the
Sun. Indeed, this volume discusses initial findings related to the
Moon's magnetic and plasma environments and the electrical
conductivity of the lunar interior. This work is aimed at
researchers and graduate students in both heliophysics and
planetary physics. Originally published in Space Science Reviews,
Vol. 165/1-4, 2011.
The ARTEMIS mission was initiated by skillfully moving the two
outermost Earth-orbiting THEMIS spacecraft into lunar orbit to
conduct unprecedented dual spacecraft observations of the lunar
environment. ARTEMIS stands for Acceleration, Reconnection,
Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the
Sun. Indeed, this volume discusses initial findings related to the
Moon s magnetic and plasma environments and the electrical
conductivity of the lunar interior. This work is aimed at
researchers and graduate students in both heliophysics and
planetary physics. Originally published in Space Science Reviews,
Vol. 165/1-4, 2011."
J.L. Burch.V. Angelopoulos Originally published in the journal
Space Science Reviews, Volume 141, Nos 1-4, 1-3. DOI:
10.1007/s11214-008-9474-5 (c) Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
2008 The Earth, like all the other planets, is continuously
bombarded by the solar wind, which is variable on many time scales
owing to its connection to the activity of the Sun. But the Earth
is unique among planets because its atmosphere, magnetic eld, and
rotation rates are each signi cant, though not dominant, players in
the formation of its magnetosphere and its reaction to solar-wind
inputs. An intriguing fact is that no matter what the time scale of
solar-wind variations, the Earth's response has a de nite pattern
lasting a few hours. Known as a magnetospheric substorm, the
response involves a build-up, a crash, and a recovery. The build-up
(known as the growth phase) occurs because of an interlinking of
the geom- netic eld and the solar-wind magnetic eld known as
magnetic reconnection, which leads to storage of increasing amounts
of magnetic energy and stress in the tail of the mag- tosphere and
lasts about a half hour. The crash (known as the expansion phase)
occurs when the increased magnetic energy and stresses are
impulsively relieved, the current system that supports the
stretched out magnetic tail is diverted into the ionosphere, and
bright, dynamic displays of the aurora appear in the upper
atmosphere. The expansion and subsequent rec- ery phases result
from a second magnetic reconnection event that decouples the
solar-wind and geomagnetic elds."
J.L. Burch*V. Angelopoulos Originally published in the journal
Space Science Reviews, Volume 141, Nos 1-4, 1-3. DOI:
10.1007/s11214-008-9474-5 (c) Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
2008 The Earth, like all the other planets, is continuously
bombarded by the solar wind, which is variable on many time scales
owing to its connection to the activity of the Sun. But the Earth
is unique among planets because its atmosphere, magnetic eld, and
rotation rates are each signi cant, though not dominant, players in
the formation of its magnetosphere and its reaction to solar-wind
inputs. An intriguing fact is that no matter what the time scale of
solar-wind variations, the Earth's response has a de nite pattern
lasting a few hours. Known as a magnetospheric substorm, the
response involves a build-up, a crash, and a recovery. The build-up
(known as the growth phase) occurs because of an interlinking of
the geom- netic eld and the solar-wind magnetic eld known as
magnetic reconnection, which leads to storage of increasing amounts
of magnetic energy and stress in the tail of the mag- tosphere and
lasts about a half hour. The crash (known as the expansion phase)
occurs when the increased magnetic energy and stresses are
impulsively relieved, the current system that supports the
stretched out magnetic tail is diverted into the ionosphere, and
bright, dynamic displays of the aurora appear in the upper
atmosphere. The expansion and subsequent rec- ery phases result
from a second magnetic reconnection event that decouples the
solar-wind and geomagnetic elds.
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