This book is a collection of articles presented by researchers and practitioners, including engineers, biologists, health professionals and informatics/computer scientists, interested in both theoretical advances and applications of information systems, artificial intelligence, signal processing, electronics and other engineering tools in areas related to biology and medicine in the All India Seminar on Biomedical Engineering 2012 (AISOBE 2012), organized by The Institution of Engineers (India), Jabalpur Local Centre, Jabalpur, India during November 3-4, 2012. The content of the book is useful to doctors, engineers, researchers and academicians as well as industry professionals.

This book is a collection of articles presented by researchers and practitioners, including engineers, biologists, health professionals and informatics/computer scientists, interested in both theoretical advances and applications of information systems, artificial intelligence, signal processing, electronics and other engineering tools in areas related to biology and medicine in the All India Seminar on Biomedical Engineering 2012 (AISOBE 2012), organized by The Institution of Engineers (India), Jabalpur Local Centre, Jabalpur, India during November 3-4, 2012. The content of the book is useful to doctors, engineers, researchers and academicians as well as industry professionals.

The overuse, misuse and widespread prophylactic application of antibiotics led to the emergence of drug resistant micro-organisms and also disturb the beneficial microflora (Lactobacilli) of the body. Probiotics are live microorganisms, which, when administered in an adequate amount, confer a health benefit on the host. The most common probiotic strains belong to the genera Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic (Inersan lozenges - Lactobacillus brevis) alone, combination of probiotic with doxycycline and doxycycline alone on aggressive periodontitis, it being both a clinical and microbiological study. Probiotic has a future in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis, as most of the time, antibiotics are prescribed. These antibiotics can lead to the emergence of drug resistant micro-organisms and also disturb the beneficial microflora of the body. Thus, as an alternative to antibiotics, probiotics can be used as they repopulate beneficial microflora and reduce the pathogenic bacteria.

The presence of interproximal papilla between the maxillary anterior teeth is a key esthetic component. One of the major esthetic challenges in periodontal plastic surgery is the ability of reconstruction of the lost papilla in the maxillary anterior segment, the presence of which can result in esthetic and phonetic problems. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of Robert Azzi technique and Han and Takei technique in reconstruction of interdental papilla. It also compared the effectiveness of the above two techniques in reconstruction of interdental papilla.14 patients who were periodontally healthy and had a loss of interdental papilla in the upper maxillary incisors were selected. The clinical parameters were recorded day 0, baseline, 6 and 12 months from baseline.A statistically significant improvement was seen in the papilla presence index and papillary height in both the groups. But on comparing both the techniques there was no statistical difference between the two.The results of this study showed that both the techniques were equally effective in successful reconstruction of interdental papilla and no technique was superior over the other.