This book includes revised selected papers from the International Workshops on AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems, AICOL-XI@JURIX2018, held in Groningen, The Netherlands, on December 12, 2018; AICOL-XII@JURIX 2020, held in Brno, Czechia, on December 9, 2020; XAILA@JURIX 2020, held in in Brno, Czechia, on December 9, 2020.*The 17 full and 4 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected form 39 submissions. They represent a comprehensive picture of the state of the art in legal informatics. The papers are logically organized in 5 blocks: Knowledge Representation; Logic, rules, and reasoning; Explainable AI in Law and Ethics; Law as Web of linked Data and the Rule of Law; Data protection and Privacy Modelling and Reasoning. *Due to the Covid-19 pandemic AICOL-XII@JURIX 2020 and XAILA@JURIX 2020 were held virtually.

This open access book shows the factors linking information flow, social intelligence, rights management and modelling with epistemic democracy, offering licensed linked data along with information about the rights involved. This model of democracy for the web of data brings new challenges for the social organisation of knowledge, collective innovation, and the coordination of actions. Licensed linked data, licensed linguistic linked data, right expression languages, semantic web regulatory models, electronic institutions, artificial socio-cognitive systems are examples of regulatory and institutional design (regulations by design). The web has been massively populated with both data and services, and semantically structured data, the linked data cloud, facilitates and fosters human-machine interaction. Linked data aims to create ecosystems to make it possible to browse, discover, exploit and reuse data sets for applications. Rights Expression Languages semi-automatically regulate the use and reuse of content.

Is the author of an original work the owner of its intellectual property rights? Can the exploitation rights be traded and handed over different people, eventually transforming the original work? If so, a media value chain can be defined where the different parties exchange rights and content in a fair environment acknowledging a common model. With this model, IT systems may interoperate more easily and may grant that intellectual property is respected. The Media Value Chain Ontology represents such a model, and it has become part of the MPEG-21 standard, a Multimedia Framework where any digital content can be protected, licensed and consumed. This PhD Thesis was an important contribution for the development of the standard, and those interested in their inception will find this book very useful. On despite of being a formal work, the text is enriched with multiple examples and figures and it can be easily followed by readers interested either in the MPEG-21 world, the architecture of rights-aware content distribution systems, electronic contracts representation or ontologies in general.