The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for organic waste treatment mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of residual solids coupled with the prospect of energy recovery from the biogas generated. However, the anaerobic process cannot be seen as providing the 'complete' solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental legislations and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. This book discusses anaerobic treatment from the perspective of organic wastes and wastewaters (municipal and industrial) followed by various post-treatment options for anaerobic effluent polishing and resource recovery. Coverage will also be from the perspective of future trends and thoughts on anaerobic technologies being able to support meeting the increasingly stringent disposal standards. The resource recovery angle is particularly interesting as this can arguably help achieve the circular economy. It is intended the information can be used to identify appropriate solutions for anaerobic effluent treatment and possible alternative approaches to the commonly applied post-treatment techniques. The succeeding discussion is intended to lead on to identification of opportunities for further research and development. This book can be used as a standard reference book and textbook in universities for Master and Doctoral students. The academic community relevant to the subject, namely faculty, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers, will find the book both informative and as a useful source of successful case studies.

This unique book comprehensively explores and illustrates the different ways in which the medical discipline of psychiatry interfaces and interacts with not only other medical disciplines, but also other aspects of life and knowledge. Divided into 26 chapters, the text begins with an overview of psychiatry interfaces. The next nine sections cover interfaces with other medical disciplines including neurology, obstetrics and gynaecology, gastroenterology, dermatology, and cardiology. The following sections cover different societal aspects and their interfaces with psychiatry, including politics, religion, law, history, philosophy, ethics and culture, and more. The final chapters discuss education, the arts, and social media.

This book is a comprehensive guide to psychiatry for undergraduate medical students. Beginning with an introduction to the field, the next chapters discuss biological sciences, psychosocial sciences, and classification and evaluation. The following sections cover the diagnosis and treatment of numerous psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, bipolar and other mood disorders, OCD, sleep disorders, eating disorders, and many more. All sectors of the population are covered, from children and adolescents, to geriatrics, and a complete chapter is dedicated to culture bound syndromes (a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognisable disease only within a specific society or culture). The book concludes with discussion on psychopharmacology and psychotherapies, legal and ethical issues, community and preventive psychiatry, and the history and future of the field. Key points Practical guide to psychiatry for undergraduate medical students Covers diagnosis and treatment of numerous disorders Complete chapter dedicated to culture bound syndromes Includes discussion on legal and ethical issues, and preventive psychiatry

Clean Energy and Resources Recovery: Biomass Waste Based Biorefineries, Volume One presents the technological options for energy and resources recovery from all types of organic wastes. The book addresses municipal and industrial sludges, municipal solid waste, agro-residue, animal wastes, industrial waste, forestry residue, and algal biomass, and provides a global overview of biomass waste production, waste handling issues and related GHG emissions and climate change, legislative waste management guidelines, biomass composition, and conventional methods for biomass waste treatment. For each biomass waste, chapters cover energy and bio-based products recovery, pre-treatment methods, process microbiology, community dynamics, co-digestion, reactor design and configuration, and techno-economic evaluation. Case studies on upscaling technology and pilot and industry scale implementation are included, alongside step-by-step calculations that integrate practical field data and regulatory requirements into the environmental design process. Finally, future trends and developments in advanced biotechnological concepts for biomass waste processing and management are also discussed.

There is considerable scope for improving the outcome of any blasting operation through basic understanding and application of the principles of blasting science and technology. The main objective of Performance of Explosives and New Developments is to sensitize the practitioner to critically examine the various empirical approaches in blasting which may have been in use for a long time, but lack any sound material basis. On the other hand, where the empirical approaches have proven of value, significant additional improvement can be achieved through better understanding of the underlying process. None of the components involved in a blasting operation should be treated in isolation, as they are all interlinked. Fragmentation of rock by blasting represents the first stage in the size reduction process which is essential to extraction of valuable minerals and metals. Therefore, understanding the performance of the explosive and initiators under actual field conditions, and critical assessment of the blast results afterwards are central to effective blast design, improved productivity, and novel applications. Performance of Explosives and New Developments presents the state of the art on explosive energy, its utilization in blasting, and some new developments and innovative applications, and is aimed at academics and practitioners in the field.

Offering rapid, portable access to key concepts and principles of pathology from Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition, this up-to-date Pocket Companion makes it easy to locate essential information on the go. The condensed, at-a-glance format, organized to parallel the parent text, is ideal for quick review-anytime, anywhere. Features cutting-edge information on important topics such as novel therapies for hepatitis C, personalized medicine, the role of microbiome and metabolome in non-communicable disease, and much more. Includes new gross and microscopic figures for clarity of morphology and new artwork depicting the latest advances in molecular pathogenesis of cancers. Reflects updated page references and content changes found in to Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition. Contains all the key data and principles needed for the USMLE Step 1, in-course exams, and rotations. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Readable, well-illustrated, and concise, Robbins and Kumar's Basic Pathology, 11th Edition, offers today's busy students a rich understanding of all essential pathology concepts from trusted names in the field. This updated edition thoroughly covers key pathologic processes and the time-honored tools of gross and microscopic analysis, while also retaining a strong emphasis on clinicopathologic correlations and the impact of molecular pathology on the practice of medicine. Outstanding artwork and schematic drawings, as well as a robust eBook experience with extensive additional features, make complex concepts easier to learn and retain. Includes fully updated clinical topics throughout. Features high-quality photomicrographs, gross photos, and radiologic images, as well as new artwork and over 150 new schematic diagrams that help summarize key or complex disease mechanisms. Contains a new Rapid Review section that uses bulleted summary boxes to deliver essential take-home messages and help you focus on the fundamentals. Includes tables of relevant laboratory tests for each chapter that link pathophysiology of disease and diagnostic testing. Highlights pathogenesis, morphology, and pathophysiologic content throughout. Features increased representation of diverse populations throughout the text, including clinical photographs of skin lesions in multiple skin types and a new section on the role of socially defined race in health disparities. An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud-as well as access bonus content, including case studies, additional gross and microscopic figures, and more.

This reference book compiles updated research on non-coding RNAs and their role in producing high-yielding plants with higher productivity under changing climates. Plant non-coding RNAs are emerging as the key regulators of plant responses to climate change and environmental stresses. The book covers the sequencing, identification, prediction, identification, characterization, and targets of non-coding RNAs to engineer high-yielding crops. It also includes in silico tools and databases to study them. Key features- Discusses the different types of non-coding RNAs including lnc-RNAs, siRNA, microRNAs, and tasiRNAs Covers the role of plant non-coding RNAs in epigenetic regulation of environmental stress response and tolerance Reviews the role of non-coding RNAs under environmental stresses like drought, water logging, salinity, extreme temperature, UV, heavy metals, and xenobiotics Explores the use of non-coding RNAs in transgenic crops and genome editing Describes the biogenesis, history, and classification of non-coding RNAs in plants The book provides a mix of basic and advanced information for postgraduate students, researchers, and scientists in the fields of plant molecular biology, biotechnology, food security, and agriculture.

The book aims to analyse and discuss the conventional and emerging treatments of digestate generated in the anaerobic treatment of organic waste. Thus, in the circular economy framework, the book will address up-to-date strategies for the treatment and resource recovery from anaerobic digestate. Anaerobic digestion is an expanding technology nowadays, especially when considering the thrust in ongoing research on the value-added products and energy recovery from biomass wastes, i.e., sludges, agro-industrial waste, animal waste, food waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste, etc. Anaerobic digestate is a leftover and waste management authorities across the world do not have so many options for digestate management except using the digestate for land application as a fertilizer or composting. However, researchers and field engineers are still looking for robust options for digestate management. Thus, a timely book on digestate management will be an invaluable addition to this domain. The key features of the book include: the broad range of biomass waste covered, discussion of conventional to advanced technological options, and the inclusion of successful case studies.

Sludge Management provides up-to-date information on sludge treatment, reuse and disposal. A comprehensive coverage of all issues related to sludge management is included with local through global coverage of all sludge management practices. Conventional to advanced technologies for sludge management with available case studies from both developing and developed countries are covered in this book. Given the responsibility of engineers to develop the technological tools to meet the increasingly stricter standards for sludge treatment and disposal, the main attraction of the book principally relies on its technical content that reviews all the points to be considered in sludge management from engineering and technological perspectives. Sludge Management can be used for planning, designing, and implementing waste sludge management projects. Moreover, this book can be used as a standard textbook in Universities for Master and Doctoral students. Also, academics, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers working in the field of sludge management would find the book very informative and a source of interesting case studies.

This book provides an up-to-date review of fasciolosis, a disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, including its biology, transmission, epidemiology, host distribution, economic impact, and novel approaches for its diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It first offers a brief overview of the history of the disease, the genetic diversity of the parasite and its distribution, and the ecology of the vector snail, which belongs to the Lymnaeidae/Planorbidae family. It also examines the current strategies and novel approaches for controlling the parasite, diagnosing infections and vaccine development. Importantly, it highlights issues relating to the control of fasciolosis, including drug resistance, lack of effective diagnostics, and the parasite's long-term survival strategies based on regulation and modulation of the host immune system. Lastly, it discusses the novel control snail vectors using bait formulations, and synergetic and phototherapy treatment with chlorophyllin, which does not kill the vector.

Sludge Management provides up-to-date information on sludge treatment, reuse and disposal. A comprehensive coverage of all issues related to sludge management is included with local through global coverage of all sludge management practices. Conventional to advanced technologies for sludge management with available case studies from both developing and developed countries are covered in this book. Given the responsibility of engineers to develop the technological tools to meet the increasingly stricter standards for sludge treatment and disposal, the main attraction of the book principally relies on its technical content that reviews all the points to be considered in sludge management from engineering and technological perspectives. Sludge Management can be used for planning, designing, and implementing waste sludge management projects. Moreover, this book can be used as a standard textbook in Universities for Master and Doctoral students. Also, academics, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers working in the field of sludge management would find the book very informative and a source of interesting case studies.

Green chemistry is a vital subject playing a key role in environmental sustainability. Despite its importance, very less has been explored in the past years. This book is a comprehensive compilation of the methods, techniques and strategies used in green chemistry. The book highlights some critical aspects of green chemistry related to agriculture and food production. It has been put together for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students. Each chapter has been cited with new and updated research discoveries to help the postgraduate, and doctorate students and researchers. I hope the presented book will be an important tool for students and researchers.

This book provides an up-to-date review of fasciolosis, a disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, including its biology, transmission, epidemiology, host distribution, economic impact, and novel approaches for its diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It first offers a brief overview of the history of the disease, the genetic diversity of the parasite and its distribution, and the ecology of the vector snail, which belongs to the Lymnaeidae/Planorbidae family. It also examines the current strategies and novel approaches for controlling the parasite, diagnosing infections and vaccine development. Importantly, it highlights issues relating to the control of fasciolosis, including drug resistance, lack of effective diagnostics, and the parasite's long-term survival strategies based on regulation and modulation of the host immune system. Lastly, it discusses the novel control snail vectors using bait formulations, and synergetic and phototherapy treatment with chlorophyllin, which does not kill the vector.

In nature, plants are constantly challenged by various abiotic and biotic stresses that can restrict their growth, development and yields. In the course of their evolution, plants have evolved a variety of sophisticated and efficient mechanisms to sense, respond to, and adapt to changes in the surrounding environment. A common defensive mechanism activated by plants in response to abiotic stress is the production and accumulation of compatible solutes (also called osmolytes). This include amino acids (mainly proline), amines (such as glycinebetaine and polyamines), and sugars (such as trehalose and sugar alcohols), all of which are readily soluble in water and non-toxic at high concentrations. The metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis and catabolism of compatible solutes, and the mechanisms that regulate their cellular concentrations and compartmentalization are well characterized in many important plant species. Numerous studies have provided evidence that enhanced accumulation of compatible solutes in plants correlates with increased resistance to abiotic stresses. New insights into the mechanisms associated with osmolyte accumulation in transgenic plants and the responses of plants to exogenous application of osmolyte, will further enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which compatible solutes help to protect plants from damage due to abiotic stress and the potential roles compatible solutes could play in improving plants growth and development under optimal conditions for growth. Although there has been significant progress made in understanding the multiple roles of compatible solute in abiotic stress tolerance, many aspects associated with compatible solute-mediated abiotic stress responses and stress tolerance still require more research. As well as providing basic up-to-date information on the biosynthesis, compartmentalization and transport of compatible solute in plants, this book will also give insights into the direct or indirect involvement of these key compatible solutes in many important metabolic processes and physiological functions, including their antioxidant and signaling functions, and roles in modulating plant growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance. In this book, Osmoprotectant-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in plants: recent advances and future perspectives, we present a collection of 16 chapters written by leading experts engaged with compatible solute-induced abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The main objective of this volume is to promote the important roles of these compatible solutes in plant biology, by providing an integrated and comprehensive mix of basic and advanced information for students, scholars and scientists interested in, or already engaged in, research involving osmoprotectant. Finally, this book will be a valuable resource for future environmental stress-related research, and can be considered as a textbook for graduate students and as a reference book for front-line researchers working on the relationships between osmoprotectant and abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants.

Soil salinity is a key abiotic-stress and poses serious threats to crop yields and quality of produce. Owing to the underlying complexity, conventional breeding programs have met with limited success. Even genetic engineering approaches, via transferring/overexpressing a single 'direct action gene' per event did not yield optimal results. Nevertheless, the biotechnological advents in last decade coupled with the availability of genomic sequences of major crops and model plants have opened new vistas for understanding salinity-responses and improving salinity tolerance in important glycophytic crops. Our goal is to summarize these findings for those who wish to understand and target the molecular mechanisms for producing salt-tolerant and high-yielding crops. Through this 2-volume book series, we critically assess the potential venues for imparting salt stress tolerance to major crops in the post-genomic era. Accordingly, perspectives on improving crop salinity tolerance by targeting the sensory, ion-transport and signaling mechanisms were presented in Volume 1. Volume 2 now focuses on the potency of post-genomic era tools that include RNAi, genomic intervention, genome editing and systems biology approaches for producing salt tolerant crops.

Unsurpassed in authoritative, focused content, Robbins & Cotran Review of Pathology, 5th Edition, covers all major topics in general pathology and organ system pathology, effectively preparing you for coursework and examinations. Part of the highly regarded Robbins & Cotran family of texts, this easy-to-use review contains 2,000 multiple-choice questions and answers to help you master the most important principles and facts in pathology. Questions and answers have been written, reviewed, updated, and explained by experts in the field, ensuring that your knowledge is up to date, thorough, and clinically relevant. Contains 1,500 vignette-style questions in print that reinforce clinical applications and incorporate key patient care and diagnostic strategies (history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and radiologic imaging). Online, 500 additional interactive questions cover more challenging topics and less common conditions.  Uses single-best-answer and extended-matching formats to reflect levels of difficulty that prepare you for examinations. Questions are written in the style of USMLE and MCCQE questions that you will encounter for qualifying examinations.  Covers the fundamentals of gross and microscopic pathology as well as the latest findings in molecular biology and genetics. Answers and detailed explanations for every question are found at the end of each chapter.  Incorporates recent changes in the understanding of the pathophysiology underlying disease processes as well as the approach to workup and diagnosis of disease conditions.  Reflects the breadth of content in the leading Robbins & Cotran textbooks Pathologic Basis of Disease and Basic Pathology, following the chapters for guided review and referencing them for further study.  Helps you visualize key pathologic concepts and conditions with over 300 full-color images.  Provides a final comprehensive exam of over 75 USMLE-style questions covering the range of topics from across the book.  Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Readable and highly illustrated, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition presents an in-depth, state-of-the-art overview of human diseases and their cellular and molecular basis. This best-selling text delivers the latest, most essential pathology knowledge in a readable, interesting manner, ensuring optimal understanding of the latest basic science and clinical content. More than 1,000 high-quality photographs and full-color illustrations highlight new information in molecular biology, disease classifications, new drugs and drug therapies, and much more. This superb learning package also includes an enhanced eBook with a full complement of ancillary content on Student Consult. Access to this product, which may be at the discretion of your institution, is up to 3 years of online and perpetual offline access. Elsevier reserves the right to restrict or remove access due to changes in product portfolio or other market conditions. Provides uniquely authoritative and readable coverage, ideal for USMLE or specialty board preparation, as well as for coursework. Covers the hot topics you need to know about, including novel therapies for hepatitis C, classification of lymphomas, unfolded protein response, non-apoptotic pathways of cell death, coronavirus infections, liquid biopsy for cancer detection, regulation of iron absorption, clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis, thrombotic microangiopathies, heparin-induced thrombocytopenias, inflammatory myopathies, genetic tools for treatment of cystic fibrosis, and many more. Uses an outstanding full-color, user-friendly design to simplify your study and quickly direct you to the information you need to know, with learning features such as boldface overviews at the beginning of each section, key concepts boxes, suggested readings, schematic diagrams that illustrate complex concepts, and new gross and microscopic figures for clarity of morphology. Brings you up to date with the latest information in molecular and genetic testing, mechanisms of disease, personalized medicine and its impact on treatment of human diseases, the role of microbiome and metabolome in non-communicable diseases, and much more. Provides access to a wealth of interactive ancillaries online: pathology case studies, videos, self-assessment questions, Targeted Therapy boxes that discuss drug therapy for specific diseases, interactive cases, and more. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Soil salinity is a key abiotic-stress and poses serious threats to crop yields and quality of produce. Owing to the underlying complexity, conventional breeding programs have met with limited success. Even genetic engineering approaches, via transferring/overexpressing a single 'direct action gene' per event did not yield optimal results. Nevertheless, the biotechnological advents in last decade coupled with the availability of genomic sequences of major crops and model plants have opened new vistas for understanding salinity-responses and improving salinity tolerance in important glycophytic crops. Our goal is to summarize these findings for those who wish to understand and target the molecular mechanisms for producing salt-tolerant and high-yielding crops. Through this 2-volume book series, we critically assess the potential venues for imparting salt stress tolerance to major crops in the post-genomic era. Accordingly, perspectives on improving crop salinity tolerance by targeting the sensory, ion-transport and signaling mechanisms are presented here in volume 1. Volume 2 will focus on the potency of post-genomic era tools that include RNAi, genomic intervention, genome editing and systems biology approaches for producing salt tolerant crops.

Soil salinity is a key abiotic-stress and poses serious threats to crop yields and quality of produce. Owing to the underlying complexity, conventional breeding programs have met with limited success. Even genetic engineering approaches, via transferring/overexpressing a single 'direct action gene' per event did not yield optimal results. Nevertheless, the biotechnological advents in last decade coupled with the availability of genomic sequences of major crops and model plants have opened new vistas for understanding salinity-responses and improving salinity tolerance in important glycophytic crops. Our goal is to summarize these findings for those who wish to understand and target the molecular mechanisms for producing salt-tolerant and high-yielding crops. Through this 2-volume book series, we critically assess the potential venues for imparting salt stress tolerance to major crops in the post-genomic era. Accordingly, perspectives on improving crop salinity tolerance by targeting the sensory, ion-transport and signaling mechanisms were presented in Volume 1. Volume 2 now focuses on the potency of post-genomic era tools that include RNAi, genomic intervention, genome editing and systems biology approaches for producing salt tolerant crops.

Soil salinity is a key abiotic-stress and poses serious threats to crop yields and quality of produce. Owing to the underlying complexity, conventional breeding programs have met with limited success. Even genetic engineering approaches, via transferring/overexpressing a single 'direct action gene' per event did not yield optimal results. Nevertheless, the biotechnological advents in last decade coupled with the availability of genomic sequences of major crops and model plants have opened new vistas for understanding salinity-responses and improving salinity tolerance in important glycophytic crops. Our goal is to summarize these findings for those who wish to understand and target the molecular mechanisms for producing salt-tolerant and high-yielding crops. Through this 2-volume book series, we critically assess the potential venues for imparting salt stress tolerance to major crops in the post-genomic era. Accordingly, perspectives on improving crop salinity tolerance by targeting the sensory, ion-transport and signaling mechanisms are presented here in volume 1. Volume 2 will focus on the potency of post-genomic era tools that include RNAi, genomic intervention, genome editing and systems biology approaches for producing salt tolerant crops.

Develop enterprise portals with Oracle WebCenter Portal 12c software and enrich those applications with social computing services, including discussions, documents, blogs, wikis, tags, and links. This book covers all functionalities and aspects from a developer, architect, and administrator point of view. Enterprise portal technology is used for creating intranet and extranet portals which enhance collaboration within a company. The book is intended to complete and fill in the gaps of the official documentation from an administrator and developer perspective. Beginning Oracle WebCenter Portal 12c provides an overview of the architecture behind Oracle WebCenter Suite and the Oracle Fusion Middleware platform. Sample code written in Java is included along with best practices developed from the authors' experience of using Oracle WebCenter Portal for building enterprise portals. What you will learn: Enterprise Portal and Oracle WebCenter Portal concepts Basic administrator knowledge Basic developer knowledge Overview of the tools and services offered by Oracle WebCenter Portal How to develop Portal Assets using JDeveloper IDE How to develop new components(Portlets JSR-286 and ADF Task Flows) using JDeveloper IDE REST API integration with Portal Enterprise content management with Portal Who this book is for: Developers, architects, project managers and portal administrators in the Oracle Fusion Middleware (FMW) area. IT professionals working in FMW or WebLogic stack can also make use of this book.

Plant nutrients are the vital elements essential for plant growth and survival, with key roles in adapting to challenging environments. Each nutrient, whether required in relatively large (macronutrients) or minute concentrations (micronutrients) plays a unique role in plant life cycle. Both the insufficient and surplus concentrations of these nutrients may render negative impacts on plant growth and development and therefore their homeostasis is considered critical for optimal plant growth and yield. Plant Nutrition and Food Security in the Era of Climate Change comprehensively reviews all critical plant nutrients. Chapters include topics such as: biological roles, uptake and transport of vital nutrients in plants; an in-depth review of the roles of potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace element; molecular breeding approaches for enhanced plant nutrients; and exploring the rhizosphere microbiome for enhance nutrient availability. Written by leading experts in the field of plant biology, this is an essential read for researchers and scientists interested in plant science, agronomy, food security and environmental science.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat that needs immediate attention and action from the scientific community. This book compiles and presents the latest and most important aspects of AMR, including the biology involved, its persistence and spread, and novel approaches to tackle this threat. The book first describes the mechanisms and spread of AMR, and then discusses the various approaches and strategies for combating it. Important topics include, microbial pathogenesis, AMR traits and major mechanisms underlying drug-resistance and the emerging strategies and technologies for combating AMR. Emphasis has been given on current developments about natural products including potent phyto-molecules, antimicrobial peptides and endophytes effective against the drug-resistant microbes and target the main drug-resistance determinants (efflux pumps, biofilms, quorum sensing, plasmids, etc.) in these bacterial pathogens. Other exciting topics include applications of nanomaterials in tackling AMR and CRISPR-Cas based precise sequence-specific antimicrobials. This informative book is meant for students and researchers in basic and medical microbiology and biotechnology. It is also useful to public health professionals and industry experts involved in AMR research and related drug-designing.