Although chemists, biochemists, biologists, and material scientists are often interested in using nonlinear optical techniques for characterizing their samples, they seldom have the necessary background to exploit these methods. Designed for nonspecialists, Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction focuses on the potential of second-order nonlinear optics as a powerful characterization tool. Avoiding extensive mathematical details, this multidisciplinary book does not require a background in advanced mathematics or physics. After introducing linear optics from the perspective of polarizability and linear susceptibility, the authors cover incoherent second-harmonic generation. They then deal with the study of surfaces and interfaces, exploiting the intrinsic surface sensitivity of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation. The final chapter discusses second-order imaging techniques, including confocal microscopy and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Accessible to a wide range of scientists, this concise book stresses the reliability of nonlinear optical processes for probing surfaces and interfaces. Drawing on the insight offered in the text, scientists from many disciplines can now clearly understand and use second-order nonlinear optical methods.

"Wait, wait, I feel a 'duh' coming on" was the phrase Darvin used to insult less intelligent fairies. His parents were both engineers who believed "if it isn't right, it's wrong." The consequences of this black and white approach to life included a fear of flying which made Darvin an easy target for bullies and others who saw him as a nerd. While on what would have been a banner night as a Tooth Fairy, Darvin was captured by an equally smart human boy. Stuck in a dog kennel, Darvin relies on life's gray areas of compassion and humanity to gain his freedom.

The first in the Tales of Fairies series. Aynil (pronounced eye-nil) is the rarest of all fairies - a Traveler. Because fairies rarely travel outside a small radius around their homes, it is the job of the traveler to go where the spirit pulls him and live as long as is necessary to find the special messages he was sent to learn. Aynil's life is one of constantly adapting to new environments, of learning new cultures, and of frustration; frustration that comes from wondering if he will ever go home. The story he shared spans fifteen human years of his life and includes the three most important experiences he had while on the wing.

"Wait, wait, I feel a 'duh' coming on" was the phrase Darvin used to insult less intelligent fairies. His parents were both engineers who believed "if it isn't right, it's wrong." The consequences of this black and white approach to life included a fear of flying which made Darvin an easy target for bullies and others who saw him as a nerd. While on what would have been a banner night as a Tooth Fairy, Darvin was captured by an equally smart human boy. Stuck in a dog kennel, Darvin relies on life's gray areas of compassion and humanity to gain his freedom.

As a young girl, Rebecca (not Becky or Becca) had a strong eem with her single mother. An eem is the connection fairies share that is strong or weak depending on how close the relationship is with the fairy with whom they are communicating. Michelle, Rebecca's mother, was grooming her only child from an early age to be a proper fairy who could eventually land a wealthy husband. But Rebecca didn't care about any of that. She was smart and athletic and wanted to do things here way. As Rebecca grows and becomes more independent, her eem with her mother suffers until their relationship is nearly shattered. Rebecca shares the story of her more formative years - those from kindergarten through middle school - and the events and relationships that most shaped her life and affected the power of her eem with her mother.

The first in the Tales of Fairies series. Aynil (pronounced eye-nil) is the rarest of all fairies - a Traveler. Because fairies rarely travel outside a small radius around their homes, it is the job of the traveler to go where the spirit pulls him and live as long as is necessary to find the special messages he was sent to learn. Aynil's life is one of constantly adapting to new environments, of learning new cultures, and of frustration; frustration that comes from wondering if he will ever go home. The story he shared spans fifteen human years of his life and includes the three most important experiences he had while on the wing.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Although chemists, biochemists, biologists, and material scientists are often interested in using nonlinear optical techniques for characterizing their samples, they seldom have the necessary background to exploit these methods. Designed for nonspecialists, Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction focuses on the potential of second-order nonlinear optics as a powerful characterization tool. Avoiding extensive mathematical details, this multidisciplinary book does not require a background in advanced mathematics or physics. After introducing linear optics from the perspective of polarizability and linear susceptibility, the authors cover incoherent second-harmonic generation. They then deal with the study of surfaces and interfaces, exploiting the intrinsic surface sensitivity of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation. The final chapter discusses second-order imaging techniques, including confocal microscopy and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Accessible to a wide range of scientists, this concise book stresses the reliability of nonlinear optical processes for probing surfaces and interfaces. Drawing on the insight offered in the text, scientists from many disciplines can now clearly understand and use second-order nonlinear optical methods.