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Before finding a place as a celebrated author and household name,
Charles Dickens was the beleaguered son of a perpetually
impoverished family, proving a failure at everything from court
reporting to pot polishing. This story, adapted from his cherished
works of fiction, imagines his life at this young age. In the
entries of "Charles Dickens: His Journal", we meet a floundering
Dickens just as he throws up his hands, withdraws his paltry
savings, and sets out for Canterbury like the pilgrims of old. He
places himself in the hands of the world, depending in part on the
strength of his last shillings, in part on his own quick wits, but
most of all upon the patchy hospitality of unforgettable characters
he meets along the way. Can we believe what we read? According to
Dickens, all of his tales are true reflections of life -
fragmentary and highly improbable. For readers unfamiliar with the
author's work, this is a remarkable introduction to Dickens'
brilliant humour and to his indelible characters, who come to life
as soon as we read their names. For Dickens enthusiasts, this is a
smart, exhilarating romp through the pages of a timeless writer,
celebrating caricatures and scenes too often overlooked.
Understanding how the brain works is undoubtedly the greatest
challenge for human intelligence and one of the most ambitious
goals of contemporary science. We are certainly far from this goal,
but significant advancements in several fields of Neuroscience and
Neurobiology are being obtained at an increasing pace. The NATO ASI
School in Neurobiology, held in Erice May 2-12,1995, as the 23rd
Course of the International School of Biophysics, provided an
update on three basic topics: Biophysics and Molecular Biology
ofIon Channels, Sensory Transduction, and Higher Order Functions.
Current knowledge on these subjects was covered by formal lectures
and critical discussions between lecturers and participants. This
book collects original contributions from those scientists who
attended the School. Many students presented their results in
poster sessions, steering lively informal discussions. A selection
of these contributions is also included. A major portion of the
program of the School was devoted to a general overview of current
trends of thought and experimental approaches in neurobiology,
emphasising the importance of understanding molecular aspects of
the elementary events underlying sensory transduction and
processing in the nervous system, without indulging however in a
pure reductionistic view of such complex phenomena. Recent studies
of molecular biology and the electrophysiology of heterologously
expressed ionic channels, have shed new light on the molecular
mechanisms underlying ionic permeation of excitable membranes and
its regulation by physical and chemical parameters.
How can we obtain tools able to process and exchange information at
the molecular scale? In order to do this, it is necessary to
activate and detect single molecules under controlled conditions.
This book focuses on the generation of biologically-inspired
molecular devices. These devices are based on the developments of
new photonic tools able to activate and stimulate single molecule
machines. Additionally, new light sensitive molecules can be
selectively activated by photonic tools. These technological
innovations will provide a way to control activation of single
light-sensitive molecules, allowing the investigation of molecular
computation in a biological environment.
How can we obtain tools able to process and exchange information at
the molecular scale? In order to do this, it is necessary to
activate and detect single molecules under controlled conditions.
This book focuses on the generation of biologically-inspired
molecular devices. These devices are based on the developments of
new photonic tools able to activate and stimulate single molecule
machines. Additionally, new light sensitive molecules can be
selectively activated by photonic tools. These technological
innovations will provide a way to control activation of single
light-sensitive molecules, allowing the investigation of molecular
computation in a biological environment.
The understanding of parallel processing and of the mechanisms
underlying neural networks in the brain is certainly one of the
most challenging problems of contemporary science. During the last
decades significant progress has been made by the combination of
different techniques, which have elucidated properties at a
cellular and molecular level. However, in order to make significant
progress in this field, it is necessary to gather more direct
experimental data on the parallel processing occurring in the
nervous system. Indeed the nervous system overcomes the limitations
of its elementary components by employing a massive degree of
parallelism, through the extremely rich set of synaptic
interconnections between neurons. This book gathers a selection of
the contributions presented during the NATO ASI School "Neuronal
Circuits and Networks" held at the Ettore Majorana Center in Erice,
Sicily, from June 15 to 27, 1997. The purpose of the School was to
present an overview of recent results on single cell properties,
the dynamics of neuronal networks and modelling of the nervous
system. The School and the present book propose an
interdisciplinary approach of experimental and theoretical aspects
of brain functions combining different techniques and
methodologies.
Present knowledge of the mechanisms underlying any single sensory
modality is so massive as to discourage effort directed towards
completeness. The idea underlying the structure of this volume on
"Sensory transduction" was to select just a few topics of general
interest, which are currently being investigated and for which a
reasonably clear picture is now available. During the last five
years there has been a revolution in the way sensory physi ologists
think about transduction, and a series of exciting advances have
been made in understanding the basic processes of photo
transduction, chemotransduction and mechan otransduction. It is
clear that in many cases the fundamental processes by which nature
attains optimization of performance are similar, and that they have
much in common with more general processes of signal recognition by
living structures. The molecular events underlying the detection of
photons by visual cells, the recognition of a given molecule by a
chemoreceptor, or the level of a hormone in the extracellular fluid
by a target cell, are all very similar, and involve the activation
of a sequence of events leading to a secon d messenger. The 20
papers that form the present volume cover various topics in the
field of sensory transduction. They originate from the lectures,
seminars and discussions which made up the XVIII Course of the
International School of Biophysics held in Erice, 9th - 19th June
1988.
The understanding of parallel processing and of the mechanisms
underlying neural networks in the brain is certainly one of the
most challenging problems of contemporary science. During the last
decades significant progress has been made by the combination of
different techniques, which have elucidated properties at a
cellular and molecular level. However, in order to make significant
progress in this field, it is necessary to gather more direct
experimental data on the parallel processing occurring in the
nervous system. Indeed the nervous system overcomes the limitations
of its elementary components by employing a massive degree of
parallelism, through the extremely rich set of synaptic
interconnections between neurons. This book gathers a selection of
the contributions presented during the NATO ASI School "Neuronal
Circuits and Networks" held at the Ettore Majorana Center in Erice,
Sicily, from June 15 to 27, 1997. The purpose of the School was to
present an overview of recent results on single cell properties,
the dynamics of neuronal networks and modelling of the nervous
system. The School and the present book propose an
interdisciplinary approach of experimental and theoretical aspects
of brain functions combining different techniques and
methodologies.
This book studies the question of obtaining a general and robust
Image segmentation and a method to extract shapes for shape based
object recognition. A texture classification method using only
three filters is proposed which till date is the minimum number of
filters used for texture classification achieving top results. It
also addresses the issues involved to register images taken from
different modalities to study morphology of neuronal growth cones.
The work was funded by EC project VISIONTRAIN contract number
MRTN-CT-2004-005439.
Functional and Structural Constituents of Neuronal Ca2+ Channel
Modulation by Neurotransmitters; E. Carbone, et al. Target Striatal
Cells Regulate Development of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurones; C.
Perrone-Capano, et al. Facts and Fantasies about Hair Cells; J.F.
Ashmore. The Vomeronasal Organ; A. Cavaggioni, et al. Potassium
Currents of Hair Cells in Thin Slices of Vestibular Epithelium; I.
Prigioni, et al. A Compartment Model for Vertegrate
Phototransduction Predicts Sensitivity and Adaptation; J.P.
Raynauld. Modeling Odor Intensity and Odor Quality Coding in
Olfactory Systems; J.P. Rospars, et al. Functional Connections
between the Architecture of the Dendritic Arborization and the
Microarchitecture of the Dendritic Membrane; P. Gogan, et al. The
Functional Significance of Cerebellar Anatomy; D. Heck.
Architecture for a Replicative Memory; J. D' Ninio. Measuring
Information from Neuronal Activity; S. Panzeri, et al. Visual
Processing in the Temporal Lobe for Invariant Object Recognition;
E.T. Rolls. Biophysical Aspects of Cortical Networks; S. Rotter. On
the Time Required for Recurrent Processing in the Brain; A. Treves,
et al. 16 additional articles. Index.
This book presents the history of the Hoplites, fighters who
permanently altered the art of war in the West. You will be able to
enter the history and the life of its elite warriors which appeared
in the 8th century BC and discover their equipment and martial
tactics. Richly illustrated, you can study the most beautiful
artefacts and iconographic witnesses. Ce livre presente l'histoire
de ces combattants, les Hoplites, qui ont modifie durablement l'art
de la guerre en Occident. Ainsi, vous pourrez penetrer dans
l'histoire et la vie de ses guerriers d'elite apparus au VIIIe
siecle av. J.-C et decouvrir leur equipement et leurs tactiques
martiales. Richement illustre, vous pourrez observer les plus beaux
artefacts ou temoins iconographiques.
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