Green Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability: Status, Challenges and Prospective provides a comprehensive and complete overview of the emerging discipline of green chemistry and fundamental chemical principles. The book bridges the gap between research and industry by offering a systematic overview of current available sustainable materials and related information on new materials' suitability and potential for given projects. Along the way, the book examines natural and biodegradable materials while also presenting materials with multifunctional properties. Topics addressed in this book will be major accomplishments for sustainable developments in biofuels, renewable energies, and in the remediation of pollutants in water, air and soil.

Pesticides: Human Health, Environmental Impacts and Management considers microbial degradation and environmental management of pesticides, covers microbial options as an alternative to chemical pesticides, explores plant-microbe interactions for reduced applications of pesticides in the agricultural fields, discusses the enhancement of microbial pesticides degradation, explains function of engineered microorganisms for effective pesticide degradation, describes potential indigenous/effective microbes for effective pesticide degradation processes, and presents research on microbes for sustainable agricultural and environmental practices.

Evolutionary Diversity as a Source for Anticancer Molecules discusses evolutionary diversity as source for anticancer agents derived from bacteria, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. The book goes over the isolation of anticancer agents and the technologyenabled screening process used to develop anticancer drugs. The book also includes discussion of the nutraceuticals and natural products derived from invertebrates that can be used as part of cancer treatment. Evolutionary Diversity as a Source for Anticancer Molecules also deals with some of the current challenges in the prevention of cancer as well as the side effects of conventional drugs used for cancer patients. This book is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, biotechnologists, pharmacologists, and any member of the biomedical field interested in understanding more about natural products with anticancer potential.

Wearable continuous monitoring systems are necessary in risky environments such as mining and diving and are especially important in the medical monitoring of patients both in medical facilities and at home. All these applications of monitoring with data transmission functions can be achieved by using wearable antennas. Recently, possibilities of connecting completely independent appliances with textiles have emerged. However, full success will be achieved only when antennas and all related components are entirely converted into 100% textile materials. Design and Optimization of Sensors and Antennas for Wearable Devices provides innovative insights on the development of adaptable materials and textile antennas that can be used in the construction of wearable devices that are biocompatible and offer high conductivity, low cost, simplistic manufacturing, are comfortable for the wearer, and are water/climate safe and condition amicable. The content within this publication examines data transmission, wearable computing, and medical applications. It is designed for engineers, manufacturers, researchers, academicians, and scientists who are interested in the development of wearable technologies.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the major gyrator circuits, simulated inductors and related synthetic impedances. It offers a thorough review of research in this field to date, and includes an exceptionally wide range and number of circuit examples, along with their relevant design equations, limitations, performance features, advantages and shortcomings. The book provides useful information for academics wishing to keep up-to-date with developments in the design of gyrators and other related synthetic impedances, and can also be used as a reference guide by electronics engineers looking to select appropriate circuits for specific applications. The book begins with an introduction to the key concepts of integrated and simulated inductors. Later chapters go on to cover the gyrators, simulated inductors and other related synthetic impedances realised with a wide variety of active devices ranging from bipolar and MOS transistors to the ubiquitous IC op-amps, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, current feedback op-amps and numerous other modern electronic circuit building blocks.

Metagenomics to Bioremediation: Applications, Cutting Edge Tools, and Future Outlook provides detailed insight into metagenomics approaches to bioremediation in a comprehensive manner, thus enabling the analysis of microbial behavior at a community level under different environmental stresses during degradation and detoxification of environmental pollutants. The book summarizes each and all aspects of metagenomics applications to bioremediation, helping readers overcome the lack of updated information on advancement in microbial ecology dealing with pollution abatement. Users will find insight not only on the fundamentals of metagenomics and bioremediation, but also on recent trends and future expectations. This book will appeal to readers from diverse backgrounds in biology, chemistry and life sciences.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Materials and Devices, which was conceived as a major contribution to large-scale efforts to foster Indian research and development in the field in close collaboration with the community of non-resident Indian researchers from all over the world. The research articles collected in this volume - selected from among the submissions for their intrinsic quality and originality, as well as for their potential value for further collaborations - document and report on a wide range of recent and significant results for various applications and scientific developments in the areas of Materials and Devices. The technical sessions covered include photovoltaics and energy storage, semiconductor materials and devices, sensors, smart and polymeric materials, optoelectronics, nanotechnology and nanomaterials, MEMS and NEMS, as well as emerging technologies.

Pericyclic Reactions: A Mechanistic and Problem-Solving Approach provides complete and systematic coverage of pericyclic reactions for researchers and graduate students in organic chemistry and pharmacy programs. Drawing from their cumulative years of teaching in the area, the authors use a clear, problem-solving approach, supplemented with colorful figures and illustrative examples. Written in an accessible and engaging manner, this book covers electrocyclic reactions, sigmatropic reactions, cycloaddition reactions, 1,3-dipolar reactions, group transfer, and ene reactions. It offers an in-depth study of the basic principles of these topics, and devotes equal time to problems and their solutions to further explore those principles and aid reader understanding. Additional practice problems are provided for further study and course use.

This volume provides insight into the pivotal roles of stem cells, exosomes and other microvesicles in biofunction and molecular mechanisms and their therapeutic potential in translational nanomedicine. It further highlights evidence from recent studies as to how stem cell derived exosomes and microRNAs may restore and maintain tissue homeostasis, enable cells to recover critical cellular functions and begin repair regeneration. These early studies in animal models of aging also show evidence of improved immune, cardiovascular and cognitive functions as well as improved health span and life span. The use of exosomes from body fluids to define specific biomarkers for various tumors may also clear the path to patient-targeted treatments by developing exosome-derived microRNA based cancer therapeutics. It is essential reading for graduate students, research fellow and biomedical researchers in academia or the pharmaceutical or biotech industries.

This book highlights the electronic governance in a smart city through case studies of cities located in many countries. "E-Government" refers to the use by government agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access to information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits are less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions. The book is divided into three parts. * E-Governance State of the Art Studies of many cities * E-Governance Domains Studies * E-Governance Tools and Issues

Multinational corporations claim that their synergistic innovative capabilities--their ability to create and deploy innovations rapidly and successfully--have been enhanced by global R&D. But have they? In attempting to answer this question, the authors seemlessly integrate rigorous quantitative analysis--e.g., multivariate regression, factor analysis, and partial least squares analysis--with qualitative analysis of data from interviews and surveys.

The data are provided by senior R&D executives in approximately 80 global R&D facilities from leading North American, European, and Japanese multinational corporations. In analyzing this wealth of information, the authors cover the role of slack resources, knowledge management processes, and top management team diversity, all in the context of global R&D and its impact on the synergistic innovative capabilities of multinationals.

Workforce diversity refers to a strategy that promotes and supports the integration of human diversification in business. By utilizing focused inclusion policies and practices, businesses can guide work environments and create an optimal business culture. Management Techniques for a Diverse and Cross-Cultural Workforce is a critical scholarly resource that examines the emerging work culture to understand the underlying human processes prevalent in modern organizations. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as gender diversity, workforce trends, and inclusion management, this book is geared towards business owners, managers, entrepreneurs, professionals, researchers, and students seeking current research on diversity management.

In healthcare systems, medical devices help physicians and specialists in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. As research shows, validation of medical devices is significantly optimized by accurate signal processing. Biomedical Signal and Image Processing in Patient Care is a pivotal reference source for progressive research on the latest development of applications and tools for healthcare systems. Featuring extensive coverage on a broad range of topics and perspectives such as telemedicine, human machine interfaces, and multimodal data fusion, this publication is ideally designed for academicians, researchers, students, and practitioners seeking current scholarly research on real-life technological inventions.

This book highlights the rightful role of citizens as per the constitution of the country for participation in Governance of a smart city using electronic means such as high speed fiber optic networks, the internet, and mobile computing as well as Internet of Things that have the ability to transform the dominant role of citizens and technology in smart cities. These technologies can transform the way in which business is conducted, the interaction of interface with citizens and academic institutions, and improve interactions between business, industry, and city government.

Bendable wearable materials like conductive strands, fluid metallic mixes, and polymer in paper are generally utilized as a part of the current adaptable electronic gadgets. Extra necessities are implemented in wearable applications. Characteristic elastic, for example, is an appealing exchange adaptable material that is biocompatible and offers high conductivity, low lost, simplicity to make, and most importantly, it is water/climate safe and condition amicable. The wearable antenna is one of the key components to establish body area network (BAN) for wireless communication, which is why it has become such an important part of antenna research. Wearable antennas are being applied successfully in various parts of life such as health monitoring, physical training, navigation, RFID, medicine, military, and more. Emerging Materials and Advanced Designs for Wearable Antennas explores how wearable antenna technology is being employed to enhance the quality of life in various industries. The technologies implemented and success of these antenna technologies is essential in the emerging field of wearable computing and is discussed in detail within the contents of this book. While covering essential topics such as the optimization of antenna material, improvement in flexible antenna performance, synthesis and design aspects of antennas, and transmission and receiving of the bendable antenna, this book is ideal for the military field, scientists, the medical field, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students looking for the most advanced and updated research on the technology and implementation of wearable antennas spanning multiple industries.

Green Energy Systems: Design, Modelling, Synthesis and Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to the design, modeling, optimization and application of predictable and alternative energy systems. With a strong focus on the fundamentals, the book provides an overview of the energy potential and conversion topology of green energy sources, the design and analysis of off grid solar and wind energy sources, and their application in effective energy management in rural communities. Sections address energy systems from solar, wind, biomass, and hybrid energy sources, and include discussions of power electronic circuit topologies for energy conversion in both off and on grid systems. The second part of the book addresses energy harvesting at different scales, with a particular emphasis on micro energy harvesting for low power electronics like wearable devices. A wide range of applications are also discussed, alongside their challenges and solutions. Finally, case studies are presented on select topics to give readers deeper insights into the real-world applications discussed.

This book covers the main aspects of biological rhythms. It focuses on the evolution and basic features of the biorhythms in organisms, deals with the circadian system at the genetic, molecular and cellular levels, and describes the mechanisms involved in the perception and light entrainment of the biological clock in vertebrates and invertebrates. The most important features of the biological clock are summarized on the level of whole organisms, from fish to mammals, and long-term (seasonal) rhythms in plants and higher vertebrates are discussed. Finally, the book concentrates on short-term rhythms, the significance of having a biological clock system in animals living in extreme (Arctic) environments, and on the diversity of circadian responses to melatonin, one of the key endocrine elements involved in the regulation of biological rhythms.

Heavy metal pollution is a serious threat to living organisms. Industrial development has aggravated multifaceted problems in the environment requiring a comprehensive solution. Appraisal of Metal(loids) in the Ecosystem addresses this need and provides a basic introduction of different heavy metals. Presented in a consistent and comprehensive manner, each chapter highlights the background level, occurrence, speciation, bioavailability, uptake detoxification mechanisms, and management of each metal in polluted soils. It provides the latest up-to-date information about different aspects of As, Hg, Si, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, Cr, etc. in single source. This book provides scientists and researchers with the most current source of information on the topic. Written by a global and diverse group of experts, Appraisal of Metal(loids) in the Ecosystem also covers the many field applications associated with phytoremediation and extraction and provides guidance on decision making when selecting advanced techniques.

Recent Advances in Organometallic Chemistry: Synthetic, Mechanistic and Medicinal Perspective highlights recent advancements in the field of organometallic chemistry. Containing essential information for researchers and advanced-level students, especially those working in chemical synthesis, the book describes the role of organometallic compounds in different combinations in organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals as well as discussing spectral, magnetic and sensing features of the compounds. Including the role of computational investigations towards the mechanistic study of biomimic complexes in catalytic transformation reactions, the book provides a large number of examples along with their leading applications in other fields. Each chapter covers basic strategies, which are illustrated along with examples of the latest advancements in the field and in-depth explanations.

Recent advancements in graph neural networks have expanded their capacities and expressive power. Furthermore, practical applications have begun to emerge in a variety of fields including recommendation systems, fake news detection, traffic prediction, molecular structure in chemistry, antibacterial discovery physics simulations, and more. As a result, a boom of research at the juncture of graph theory and deep learning has revolutionized many areas of research. However, while graph neural networks have drawn a lot of attention, they still face many challenges when it comes to applying them to other domains, from a conceptual understanding of methodologies to scalability and interpretability in a real system. Concepts and Techniques of Graph Neural Networks provides a stepwise discussion, an exhaustive literature review, detailed analysis and discussion, rigorous experimentation results, and application-oriented approaches that are demonstrated with respect to applications of graph neural networks. The book also develops the understanding of concepts and techniques of graph neural networks and establishes the familiarity of different real applications in various domains for graph neural networks. Covering key topics such as graph data, social networks, deep learning, and graph clustering, this premier reference source is ideal for industry professionals, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Pesticides in a Changing Environment: Impact, Assessment, and Remediation covers compounds that repel, kill or to prevent any pest. On the basis of the target killed, pesticides are mainly classified as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The increased demand of food on account of population explosion has compelled man to use pesticides for better crop production. However, there are many negative impacts of these chemical agrochemicals like toxicity to non-target organisms and retention in bio-systems in the form of their residues, leading to harmful effects on the food chain and food web. This book will be an important source of information for researchers and academicians working in the field of pesticide pollution, its physiology and biochemistry, and development of pesticide remediation technologies.

Synthetic Strategies in Carbohydrate Chemistry covers carbohydrate synthesis and its widespread application in various disciplines including catalysis. Basic and advanced aspects of carbohydrates are covered, starting with a brief introduction and then followed by protection-deprotection strategies in carbohydrate chemistry, glycosidic bond formation methodology, and their impact in oligosaccharide synthesis. Recent synthetic approaches for O-glycosides, N-glycosides, thioglycosides and C-glycosides, Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery (IAD), and carbohydrate modification are discussed, as well as stereoelectronic factors that control the chemical and biochemical behavior of carbohydrates in living cells. In addition, diverse applications of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry are covered, including sugar-based chiral catalyst in stereoselective synthesis, sugar-based ionic liquids, one-pot tandem reactions in carbohydrates, total synthesis of glycoconjugated natural products, impact of sugar in drug discovery and development, vaccine development, and glycoengineering. This reference is essential reading for researchers working in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry, and will be useful to those working in total synthesis, novel synthetic methodology, catalysis, polymer science, glycobiology, medicinal chemistry, and process development chemistry.

This detailed volume compiles key methods and techniques used to establish some of the structural and functional aspects of Z-form nucleic acids. Beginning with chapters on characterizing Z-DNA, the book continues by exploring structure determination techniques, gene- and genome-targeting methods and genome-wide approaches, Z-RNA study, and much more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.  Authoritative and practical, Z-DNA: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for students and researchers curious about this unique Z nucleic acid as an area of investigation, aiming to help the field grow, flourish, and unravel the hidden and novel roles of Z.  Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.This is an open access book.