Enriched Numerical Techniques: Implementation and Applications explores recent advances in enriched numerical techniques, including the extended finite element method, meshfree methods, extended isogeometric analysis and coupled numerical techniques. Techniques for implementation and programming issues are discussed, with other sections discussing applications for enriched numerical techniques in solving a range of engineering problems. The level set methodologies for complex shaped irregularities is presented, as are enriched numerical methodologies for various complex and advanced problems such as Nonlinear Structural Analysis, Fracture and Fatigue in Structures, Elasto-Plastic Crack Growth, Large Deformation Analysis, Frictional Contact Problems, Thermo-Mechanical Problems, Fluid Flow Investigations, Composite Materials and Bio-mechanics.

Provides detailed insight into the marine microplastics pollution, fate, health impacts, and removal technology Reviews ecological risks and environmental fate of microplastics pollution to the marine ecosystem Describes control and prevention methods of the microplastics pollution Covers global legislature for the mitigation of microplastics to the marine environment Discusses role of community participation for the reduction of microplastic emissions

This book deals with the fundamental causes of the Indo-Pak conflict-why it is difficult, if not impossible, to have peace between the two neighbors. Also it explores the short spurt of Pulwama-Balakot stand-off or a game of one-upmanship. It analyses the perennial conflict scenario and goes to stress that for Pakistan, in recent times, there has been no marked change in disincentives (negative stresses) that could compel it to moderate its behavior towards India-and nor there exists a package of incentives (positive stresses) that should force it to go for a change towards peace. All the key stakeholders of Pakistan (including army, ISI and terror outfits), other than the Pak public, will stand to lose if the religion-steeped state turned friendly, or even nonaggressive, towards India. In that situation, it is indeed difficult to comprehend for a logical mind that why should Indian politicians and diplomats hanker for the illusionary scenario of peace to unfold. Let it be clear for one and all that peace (or even normalcy) between India and Pakistan will only be possible under one of the following situations. That' incentives' package (positive stresses) for Pakistan in the event of being friendly is so great that the same can't be resisted. Or, the disincentives for retaining its historical behavior towards India are so great that the same can't be resisted by its army-and ISI combine. As long as one of the above two conditions doesn't materialize, or isn't forced upon, it shall remain just foolhardy for India to expect that things between the two quarrelsome neighbors shall turn towards normalcy.

Magnitude and quality of life as well as sustainable human progress inescapably depend on the state of our environment. The environment, in essence, is a common resource of all the living organisms in the biosphere as well as a vivacious basis of the evolution of life on Earth. A sustainable future broods over a sustainable environment-an environment encompassing life-originating, life-supporting, and life-sustaining uniqueness. A deteriorating environment haplessly sets in appalling conditions leading to shrinkage of life and a halt in human progress. The current global environment scenario is extremely dismal. Environmental disruptions, largely owing to anthropogenic activities, are steadily leading to awful climate change. Horribly advancing toward mass extinction in the near or distant future and posing a threat to our Living Planet, the unabatedly ongoing climate change, in fact, is an unprecedented issue of human concern about life in the recorded human history. How to get rid of the environmental mess and resolve environmental issues leading to climate change mitigation is the foremost challenge facing humanity in our times. There are several measures the whole world is resorting to. They are primarily focused on cutting down excessive carbon emissions by means of development of technological alternatives, for example, increasing mechanical efficiencies and ever-more dependence on clean-energy sources. These are of great importance, but there is yet a natural phenomenon that has been, and will unceasingly be, pivotal to maintain climate order of the Earth. For it to phenomenally boost, we need to explore deeper aspects of environmental science. It is the environmental plant physiology that links us with deeper roots of life. Environmental Plant Physiology: Botanical Strategies for a Climate-Smart Planet attempts to assimilate a relatively new subject that helps us understand the very phenomenon of life that persists in the planet's environment and depends on, and is influenced by, a specific set of operating environmental factors. It is the subject that helps us understand adaptation mechanisms within a variety of habitats as well as the implications of the alterations of environmental factors on the inhabiting organisms, their populations, and communities. Further, this book can also be of vital importance for policy makers and organizations dealing with climate-related issues and committed to the cause of the earth. This book can be instrumental in formulating strategies that can lead us to a climate-smart planet. Features: * Provides ecological basis of environmental plant physiology * Discusses energy, nutrient, water, temperature, allelochemical, and altitude relations of plants * Reviews stress physiology of plants and plants' adaptations to the changing climate * Examines climate-change effects on plant physiology * Elucidates evolving botanical strategies for a climate-smart planet