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Periodontitis is an infection of the ligament and bone supporting
the tooth and is caused by the presence of periodontopathogenic
species in a susceptible host, affecting 5% to 20% of the adult
population in a clinically significant manner. Periodontal therapy
is based on supra- and sub-gingival disinfection concomitant with
the establishment of an environment that is less favorable for
periodontopathogenic growth. Though the adequacy of mechanical
debridement (scaling and root planing) in the treatment of
periodontitis has been well acknowledged. Chemo-mechanical concept
has been developed where in a chemical agent is used as an adjunct
to scaling and root planing to improve the outcome of scaling and
root planing and furthermore prevent early microbial
re-colonization to ultimately ensure the best chance to clinical
improvement. Therefore a research project was undertaken to
evaluate the efficacy of Chlorhexidine - Thymol varnish (chemical)
as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (mechanical) and compare
it's results with mechanical debridement alone in the eradication
of microbial colonies and improvement of periodontal parameters,
which is discussed in depth in this book.
Periodontics is a dental specialty that encompasses the prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the supporting and
surrounding tissues of the teeth (ie: periodontal tissues) or their
substitutes, such as dental implants (ie: peri-implant tissues) and
is also concerned with the maintenance of the health, function and
aesthetics of these structures and tissues. Periodontal diseases
are multifactorial infectious diseases wherein the presence of
periodontopathogenic species seems to play a key role in the
etiopathogenesis and results in a progressive loss of the hard and
soft tissue around the teeth; which if left untreated, ultimately
leads to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth. Similarly
diseases affecting peri-implant tissues, if not managed and treated
properly results in an implant failure. However, the nature and
severity of periodontal and peri-implant diseases depend on the
patient's oral hygiene, interaction between the bacterial agent,
the environment and the host defence mechanisms, and the presence
of various risk elements for periodontal/peri-implant diseases like
genetic factors, diabetes, smoking, etc. Periodontal disease itself
can also act as a potential risk factor for several systemic
conditions and may significantly enhance the probability for
certain systemic diseases or alter their natural course.
Fortunately, periodontal and peri-implant diseases are largely
preventable and treatable conditions; and their successful
long-term management and treatment requires a treatment strategy
that integrates non-surgical, surgical and supportive
periodontal/peri-implant therapy along with patient motivation and
reinforcement of excellent oral hygiene measures.
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