This book scrutinizes the emergence of historians participating as expert witnesses in historical forensic contribution in some of the most important national and international legal ventures of the last century. It aims to advance the debate from discussions on whether historians should testify or not toward nuanced understanding of the history of the practice and making the best out of its performance in the future.

In this book, well-known scholars describe new and exciting approaches to aesthetics, creativity and psychology of the arts, approaching these topics from a point of view that is biological or related to biology and answering new questions with new methods and theories. All known societies produce and enjoy arts such as literature, music and visual decoration or depiction. Judging from prehistoric archaeological evidence, this arose very early in human development. Furthermore, Darwin was explicit in attributing aesthetic sensitivity to lower animals. These considerations lead us to wonder whether the arts might not be evolutionarily based. Although such an evolutionary basis is not obvious on the face of it, the idea has recently elicited considerable attention. The book begins with a consideration of ten theories on the evolutionary function of specific arts such as music and literature. The theory of evolution was first drawn up in biology, but evolution is not confined to biology: genuinely evolutionary theories of sociocultural change can be formulated. That they need to be formulated is shown in several chapters that discuss regular trends in literature and scientific writings. Psychologists have recently rediscovered the obvious fact that thought and perception occur in the brain, so cognitive science moves ever closer to neuroscience. Several chapters give overviews of neurocognitive and neural network approaches to creativity and aesthetic appreciation. The book concludes with two exciting describing brain-scan research on what happens in the brain during creativity and presenting a close examination of the relationship between genetically transmitted mental disorder and creativity.

This book brings together numerous contributions to the field of magnetoelectric (ME) composites that have been reported so far. Theoretical models of ME coupling in composites relate to the wide frequency range: from low-frequency to microwave ones and are based on simultaneous solving the elastostatic/elastodynamic and electrodynamics equations. Suggested models enable one to optimize magnetoelectric parameters of a composite. The authors hope to provide some assimilation of facts into establish knowledge for readers new to the field, so that the potential of the field can be made transparent to new generations of talent to advance the subject matter.

This book brings together numerous contributions to the field of magnetoelectric (ME) composites that have been reported so far. Theoretical models of ME coupling in composites relate to the wide frequency range: from low-frequency to microwave ones and are based on simultaneous solving the elastostatic/elastodynamic and electrodynamics equations. Suggested models enable one to optimize magnetoelectric parameters of a composite. The authors hope to provide some assimilation of facts into establish knowledge for readers new to the field, so that the potential of the field can be made transparent to new generations of talent to advance the subject matter.

This book is devoted to one of the central problems of contemporary thinking, for which c.P. Snow in 1959 coined the phrase of the "Two Cultures". In this concept, human endeavour is directed on one side to the (forward-looking) sci ences (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, etc.) and on the other side to the (backward-looking) humanities (including psychology, linguistics, sociology, etc.). In this dichotomy Snow saw no possibility of unification. On the other hand the urge towards self-consistency and harmony in the mental and spiritual lives of both man and society as a whole is clearly one of the major forces of creativity, both scientific and artistic. This force aims at the unification of the "Two Cultures" in order to build an integrated self-consistent system for our intellectual life. Some attempts in this direction have been made before, and will be described in this book. It is our aim to contribute to the achievement of an integrated mental life on the basis of information theory. In order to construct our model, we examine the laws of information theory, leading us to the deduction of the main laws inherent in both "cultures". Thus, we consider the evolution of both non-living and living matter, human behaviour, the phenomenon of language, the sphere of aesthetics, etc. We hope that our work will be useful both for researchers (who are trying to derive different integral theories) and for various other "consumers" of scientific knowledge (meaning broad circles of intellectuals).

In this book, well-known scholars describe new and exciting approaches to aesthetics, creativity and psychology of the arts, approaching these topics from a point of view that is biological or related to biology and answering new questions with new methods and theories. All known societies produce and enjoy arts such as literature, music and visual decoration or depiction. Judging from prehistoric archaeological evidence, this arose very early in human development. Furthermore, Darwin was explicit in attributing aesthetic sensitivity to lower animals. These considerations lead us to wonder whether the arts might not be evolutionarily based. Although such an evolutionary basis is not obvious on the face of it, the idea has recently elicited considerable attention. The book begins with a consideration of ten theories on the evolutionary function of specific arts such as music and literature. The theory of evolution was first drawn up in biology, but evolution is not confined to biology: genuinely evolutionary theories of sociocultural change can be formulated. That they need to be formulated is shown in several chapters that discuss regular trends in literature and scientific writings. Psychologists have recently rediscovered the obvious fact that thought and perception occur in the brain, so cognitive science moves ever closer to neuroscience. Several chapters give overviews of neurocognitive and neural network approaches to creativity and aesthetic appreciation. The book concludes with two exciting describing brain-scan research on what happens in the brain during creativity and presenting a close examination of the relationship between genetically transmitted mental disorder and creativity.

This book scrutinizes the emergence of historians participating as expert witnesses in historical forensic contribution in some of the most important national and international legal ventures of the last century. It aims to advance the debate from discussions on whether historians should testify or not toward nuanced understanding of the history of the practice and making the best out of its performance in the future.

This introductory book describes the initial (first) level of studying the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) from the series "TRIZ from A to Z," and presents the most general methods for solving inventive problems and generating new ideas. Chapter 1 examines traditional technologies for problem solving, based on trial and error. Chapter 2 describes the general concept of TRIZ, while Chapter 3 explains the main notions of "system" approaches, like system thinking, system and its hierarchy, system effect, emergency, synergetic effect and systematicity. In turn, Chapter 4 describes the notion of "ideality" and Chapter 5 addresses the notion of resources, their types, and methods for using them. Chapter 6 acquaints readers with one of the most important aspects of TRIZ: contradiction. Chapter 7 describes the inventive principles, while Chapter 8 includes descriptions of the systems of trends proposed by G. Altshuller and the author. In closing, the author makes recommendations on how to most effectively use TRIZ tools, on how readers can improve their knowledge, skills and habits concerning the use of TRIZ, and on how they can hone their inventive thinking skills. The book also features Appendices that include analyses of selected problems, a list of the main websites related to TRIZ, and lists of examples, problems, illustrations, tables and formulae.

Since the 1980s, an array of legal and non-legal practices-labeled Transitional Justice-has been developed to support post-repressive, post-authoritarian, and post-conflict societies in dealing with their traumatic past. In Understanding the Age of Transitional Justice, the contributors analyze the processes, products, and efficacy of a number of transitional justice mechanisms and look at how genocide, mass political violence, and historical injustices are being institutionally addressed. They invite readers to speculate on what (else) the transcripts produced by these institutions tell us about the past and the present, calling attention to the influence of implicit history conveyed in the narratives that have gained an audience through international criminal tribunals, trials, and truth commissions. Nanci Adler has gathered leading specialists to scrutinize the responses to and effects of violent pasts that provide new perspectives for understanding and applying transitional justice mechanisms in an effort to stop the recycling of old repressions into new ones.

The book recalls previously developed approaches toward history based on correlation of words, astrological aspects and periodicities defined by the Chinese calendar and the Lunar Nodes. They are illustrated by new examples. Astonishing correlations are found among the astral signs of the French presidents, the German chancellors and the generals of the Russian Civil War (1918-1922). The strange form of some states such as Mali, Somalia, India and others is associated to inter-ethnic conflicts taking place in these countries. The astral themes of certain historical events and of their participants are also analysed (such as the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, the Berlin Congress, the putsch of 1991 in Moscow). Astrological, historical and geographical coincidences are found between the Arab revolutions of 2011 on the one side and the revolutions of 1848, the independence movements in the Spanish colonies, the revolutions of 1848, the social movements of 1968 and World War II on the other. The book is addressed to persons interested in history and/or astrology.

Most countries and peoples from Europe and Asia are grouped in the spheres of direct geopolitical influence of Russia, Germany, Serbia, Iraq and China. Repetition of relationship (defined by ethnic and religious proximity) between countries from these spheres is observed. Thus there are two Russian (German, Serbian, Chinese) speaking countries - Russia and Belarus (Germany and Austria, China and Taiwan). The Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas exhibit similar political geography and history. Important events (e.g. World Wars) occur in couples. In American and Russian history the number 12 is crucial for its understanding (6 couples of most important wars in the former and 12 communist and post-communist rulers in the latter, the events of post-communism repeating the ones of communism). If a (post)-communist Russian leader has the same name as a former Russian tsar or prince, then a repetition of events takes place - the names Boris (Godunov) and Mikhail (Romanov) are connected with the Time of Troubles, Mikhail (Gorbachev) and Boris (Yeltsin) mark the perestroika, its modern version. The book is addressed to those interested in history, historical, geographical and linguistic analogies.

Kniga snachala napominaet pri pomoshchi novykh primerov pro uzhe razvitye avtorom v predydushchikh knigakh metody izucheniya zakonomernostey v istorii (korrelyatsiya mezhdu slovami, astrologicheskie aspekty, periodichnosti, opredelyaemye kitayskim goroskopom i Lunnymi Uzlami). Ustanavlivayutsya udivitel'nye sovpadeniya otnositel'no znakov Zodiaka frantsuzskikh prezidentov, nemetskikh kantslerov i generalov Grazhdanskoy Voyny (1918-1922). Rassmatrivayusya gosudarstva neobychnoy formy (Mali, Somaliya, Indiya) i eti geograficheskie anomalii svyazyvayutsya s mezhetnicheskimi konfliktami. Provoditsya analiz astral'nykh tem dat nekotorykh sobytiy i ikh osnovnykh uchastnikov (kak naprimer revolyutsii 1830 i 1848 goda v Evrope, putch 1991 goda v Moskve i t. d.). Nakhodyatsya istoricheskie, geograficheskie i astrologicheskie analogii mezhdu arabskimi revolyutsiyami 2011 goda s odnoy storony i osvoboditel'nymi dvizheniyami v ispanskikh koloniyakh 19 veka, revolyutsiyami 1848 goda, Vtoroy Mirovoy Voynoy i protestnymi dvizheniyami 1968 goda s drugoy. Kniga prednaznachena dlya interesuyushchikhsya istoriey i/ili astrologiey.

Snachala napominaetsya opredelenie korrelyatsii dvukh slov, a zatem ono illyustriruetsya imenami mest bitv i generalov Mirovykh Voyn, a takzhe gorodov, imevshikh osobyy status (anklavov, nezavisimykh gorodov i pr.). Astrologicheskie aspekty (po zapadnomu goroskopu) mezhdu datami (soedinenie, oppozitsiya, trin, sekstil', kvadratura) rassmatrivayutsya v kontekste istoricheskikh sobytiy i dat rozhdeniya i smerti v dinastii Tyudorov i v klanakh Gandi i Kennedi. Napominayutsya opredeleniya Lunnykh Uzlov i kitayskogo goroskopa, posle chego rassmatrivayutsya povtoreniya istoricheskikh sobytiy, ob"yasnyaemykh periodom 18.5 let vrashcheniya Lunnykh Uzlov i shestidesyatiletnim tsiklom kitayskogo goroskopa. Naprimer, interval vremeni mezhdu yaponskimi napadeniyami na Port-Artur (1904) i Pyerl-Kharbor (1941) raven dvum periodam vrashcheniya Uzlov. To zhe samoe verno dlya vosstaniya tkachey v Lione (1834) i Parizhskoy Kommuny (1871). Bel'giya otdelilas' ot Niderlandov v 1830 godu, na 60 let (1 tsikl kitayskogo goroskopa) do otdeleniya Lyuksemburga i na 120 i 180 let do momentov, kogda Bel'giya mogla raspast'sya. Izmeneniya territorii Osmanskoy Imperii proiskhodili chashche vsego s intervalami vremeni mezhdu nimi, kratnymi 20 let (t.e. 1/3 etogo tsikla).

Bol'shinstvo stran i narodov Evropy i Azii gruppiruetsya v sferakh pryamogo geopoliticheskogo vliyaniya Rossii, Germanii, Serbii, Iraka i Kitaya. Nablyudaetsya povtorenie otnosheniy etnicheskoy i religioznoy blizosti: v kazhdoy sfere est' dva gosudarstva s odnim i tem zhe ofitsial'nym yazykom (Germaniya i Avstriya, Serbiya i Chernogoriya, Kitay i Tayvan') i pr. Iberiyskiy i Balkanskiy poluostrov obladayut skhozhey istoriey i politicheskoy geografiey. Vazhnye istoricheskie sobytiya (kak naprimer Mirovye Voyny) proiskhodyat parami. V amerikanskoy i rossiyskoy istorii reshayushchee znachenie dlya ikh ponimaniya imeet chislo 12 (6 par bol'shikh voyn v pervoy i 12 kommunisticheskikh i post-kommunisticheskikh rukovoditeley vo vtoroy; sobytiya pri post-kommunizme povtoryayut sobytiya pri kommunizme). Pri (post)-kommunisticheskom rukovoditele s imenem rossiyskogo tsarya ili knyazya povtoryayutsya sobytiya, proisshedshie pri poslednem (Smutnoe Vremya svyazano s imenami Borisa Godunova i Mikhaila Romanova, a perestroyka, eye sovremennyy analog - s Mikhailom Gorbachyevym i Borisom El'tsinym). Nostradamus predugadal formu sovremennoy Rossii. Kniga adresovana chitatelyam, interesuyushchimsya istoriey, istoricheskimi, geograficheskimi i lingvisticheskimi zakonomernostyami.

Since the 1980s, an array of legal and non-legal practices—labeled Transitional Justice—has been developed to support post-repressive, post-authoritarian, and post-conflict societies in dealing with their traumatic past. In Understanding the Age of Transitional Justice, the contributors analyze the processes, products, and efficacy of a number of transitional justice mechanisms and look at how genocide, mass political violence, and historical injustices are being institutionally addressed. They invite readers to speculate on what (else) the transcripts produced by these institutions tell us about the past and the present, calling attention to the influence of implicit history conveyed in the narratives that have gained an audience through international criminal tribunals, trials, and truth commissions. Nanci Adler has gathered leading specialists to scrutinize the responses to and effects of violent pasts that provide new perspectives for understanding and applying transitional justice mechanisms in an effort to stop the recycling of old repressions into new ones.  

Analyzes wire scatterers and wire antennas operating in the transmitting and receiving modes.