This book presents a compendium style account of a comprehensive mathematical journey from Arithmetic to Algebra. It contains material that is helpful to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mathematics, university and college professors teaching mathematics, as well as some mathematics teachers teaching in the final year of high school. A successful teacher must know more than what a particular course curriculum asks for. A number of topics that are missing in present-day textbooks, and which may be attractive to students at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level in mathematics, for example, continued fractions, arithmetic progressions of higher order, complex numbers in plane geometry, differential schemes, path semigroups and path algebras, have been carefully presented. This reflects the aim of the book to attract students to mathematics.