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The tenn "calixarenes," introduced in 1978 by D. Gutsche to
describe the cyclic oligomers produced by condensation of
p-substituted phenols with fonnaldehyde, is now universally
accepted in the chemical community. The condensation of phenol with
fonnaldehyde was studied in the last century by A. von Baeyer.
Early in this century, L. Baekeland produced the first entirely
synthetic polymers from phenol-fonnaldehyde condensates and the
possibility that cyclic condensation products could be obtained
from t-butylphenol, and fonnaldehyde was mentioned as early as in
the beginning of the 1940's by A. Zinke. Despite their long
history, the realisation that calixarenes may have very significant
applications and uses in supramolecular chemistry is a relatively
recent phenomenon. Calixarene chemistry, in contrast to their
discovery, started slowly in the 1970's but rapidly gained momentum
throughout the 1980's. Following C. Pedersens discovery of the
crown ethers and the seminal developments of J. -M. Lehn and D.
Cram with cryptands and spherands - all three honoured with the
1987 Nobel Chemistry Prize - the time was right for a surge of
interest in research areas, frequently referred to as host-guest
chemistry, receptor or supramolecular chemistry, and including
important comparisons with biological processes and the development
of new advanced materials. Now, the cyclic, bowl or basket-shaped
calixarene molecules were looked on in a different light. Rather
than "having developed from harmful by-products of phenoplasts
manufacture" they were now seen as potentially valuable macrocyclic
receptor molecules.
Calixarene chemistry, at the turn of the millennium, is a field
approaching true maturity. In many areas, applications are real and
important, and the arsenal of structures based on calixarenes
provides tools effective in numerous areas of supramolecular
chemistry. In this book, chapters contributed by a broad spectrum
of international authors provide a variety of perspectives upon the
progress and future of calixarene chemistry. Issues covered in
depth include:
Calixarene synthesis, with all its subtleties and sophistication.
Forces at play in the inclusion of neutral and charged molecules by
calixarenes. Theoretical analyses of calixarene properties.
Dynamics and thermodynamics of calixarenes and their complexes.
Nanocomposite construction based on calixarene aggregates.
Calixarenes on surfaces. Analytical applications of calixarenes.
Catalysis by calixarenes and their complexes. Resource recovery and
waste treatment with calixarenes. New directions in calixarene
chemistry. Hetero- and homo-calixarenes. Bioactive calixarenes.
Coordination chemistry of calixarenes. Calixarenes in the solid
state.
Calixarene chemistry, at the turn of the millennium, is a field
approaching true maturity. In many areas, applications are real and
important, and the arsenal of structures based on calixarenes
provides tools effective in numerous areas of supramolecular
chemistry. In this book, chapters contributed by a broad spectrum
of international authors provide a variety of perspectives upon the
progress and future of calixarene chemistry. Issues covered in
depth include: Calixarene synthesis, with all its subtleties and
sophistication. Forces at play in the inclusion of neutral and
charged molecules by calixarenes. Theoretical analyses of
calixarene properties. Dynamics and thermodynamics of calixarenes
and their complexes. Nanocomposite construction based on calixarene
aggregates. Calixarenes on surfaces. Analytical applications of
calixarenes. Catalysis by calixarenes and their complexes. Resource
recovery and waste treatment with calixarenes. New directions in
calixarene chemistry. Hetero- and homo-calixarenes. Bioactive
calixarenes. Coordination chemistry of calixarenes. Calixarenes in
the solid state. A/LISTA
The tenn "calixarenes," introduced in 1978 by D. Gutsche to
describe the cyclic oligomers produced by condensation of
p-substituted phenols with fonnaldehyde, is now universally
accepted in the chemical community. The condensation of phenol with
fonnaldehyde was studied in the last century by A. von Baeyer.
Early in this century, L. Baekeland produced the first entirely
synthetic polymers from phenol-fonnaldehyde condensates and the
possibility that cyclic condensation products could be obtained
from t-butylphenol, and fonnaldehyde was mentioned as early as in
the beginning of the 1940's by A. Zinke. Despite their long
history, the realisation that calixarenes may have very significant
applications and uses in supramolecular chemistry is a relatively
recent phenomenon. Calixarene chemistry, in contrast to their
discovery, started slowly in the 1970's but rapidly gained momentum
throughout the 1980's. Following C. Pedersens discovery of the
crown ethers and the seminal developments of J. -M. Lehn and D.
Cram with cryptands and spherands - all three honoured with the
1987 Nobel Chemistry Prize - the time was right for a surge of
interest in research areas, frequently referred to as host-guest
chemistry, receptor or supramolecular chemistry, and including
important comparisons with biological processes and the development
of new advanced materials. Now, the cyclic, bowl or basket-shaped
calixarene molecules were looked on in a different light. Rather
than "having developed from harmful by-products of phenoplasts
manufacture" they were now seen as potentially valuable macrocyclic
receptor molecules.
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