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To STUDY the philosophy of science has always been a complex task,
reaching to the methods and achievements of the sciences, to their
histories and their contexts, and to their human implications.
Sometimes favored by their social environment, sometimes dissenting
from their Zeitgeist, the scientists have taken varying roles in
the social spectrum, allied with differing interests, classes,
powers, religions, evaluative outlooks. Philosophers should be
interested as much in the changing social situations of science and
of scientists as in the changing empirical findings and explanatory
conceptions; recognition that rationality, experience, and inquiry
have a history is no longer novel. Moreover the historical
development of scientific perceptions of nature is linked-whether
loosely or tightly--by the development of perceptions of science
itself. Percep tions of science are located not only in the
self-awareness of scientists but also in the critical awareness of
their fellow human beings. No doubt some friends or critics are
more articulate than others, but the context for science has not
been bland or neutral. Plaything, weapon, savior, hireling,
magician, devil, priest, the stereotypes of science and scientist
are neither the simple result of plain ignorance nor the obvious
reflection of some successes and some failures of the scientific
enterprise. Public perceptions of science have great importance for
understanding both the public in society and the sciences at the
stage per ceived."
To STUDY the philosophy of science has always been a complex task,
reaching to the methods and achievements of the sciences, to their
histories and their contexts, and to their human implications.
Sometimes favored by their social environment, sometimes dissenting
from their Zeitgeist, the scientists have taken varying roles in
the social spectrum, allied with differing interests, classes,
powers, religions, evaluative outlooks. Philosophers should be
interested as much in the changing social situations of science and
of scientists as in the changing empirical findings and explanatory
conceptions; recognition that rationality, experience, and inquiry
have a history is no longer novel. Moreover the historical
development of scientific perceptions of nature is linked-whether
loosely or tightly--by the development of perceptions of science
itself. Percep tions of science are located not only in the
self-awareness of scientists but also in the critical awareness of
their fellow human beings. No doubt some friends or critics are
more articulate than others, but the context for science has not
been bland or neutral. Plaything, weapon, savior, hireling,
magician, devil, priest, the stereotypes of science and scientist
are neither the simple result of plain ignorance nor the obvious
reflection of some successes and some failures of the scientific
enterprise. Public perceptions of science have great importance for
understanding both the public in society and the sciences at the
stage per ceived."
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