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This volume provides researchers and clinicians with an insight
into recent developments in activity anorexia. Much of the basic
information on the topic has come from animal literature; the
theory of activity anorexia is built on an animal model of
self-starvation (rats placed on a single daily feeding run more and
more, over days stop eating, and die of starvation). Additionally,
experiments that for ethical or practical reasons could not be done
with humans may be conducted with other animals. The animal
research is extending the understanding of biologically-based
reward mechanisms that regulate eating and exercise,
environment-behavior interactions that affect anorexia, and the
biochemical changes that accompany physical activity and
starvation. Increasingly, however, the impact of physical activity
on human anorexia is being directly investigated--eight out of
fourteen research chapters in this volume are based on human
research. Some researchers are interested in the impact of
hyperactivity and caloric restriction on human reproductive
function. Other authors are investigating physically active
subgroups of people considered to be at risk for anorexia. Finally,
several clinician/researchers suggest how physical activity and
extreme dieting interact for anorexia nervosa patients. Chapter
authors were asked to present their views independent of the
editors' argument that, when it is present, physical activity is
central to anorexia. Many of the contributors disagree with the
editors about the details of activity anorexia. A few suggest that
excessive physical activity is either incidental to, or an
epiphenomenon of, anorexia. Most authors are, however, in accord
with the view that physical activity reduces food consumption which
further drives up activity that results in even less caloric
intake. No matter what their perspective, all contributors agree
that hyperactivity frequently accompanies self-starvation in humans
and other animals. The end result is a lively book that provides a
source of ideas for both researchers and practitioners.
This volume provides researchers and clinicians with an insight
into recent developments in activity anorexia. Much of the basic
information on the topic has come from animal literature; the
theory of activity anorexia is built on an animal model of
self-starvation (rats placed on a single daily feeding run more and
more, over days stop eating, and die of starvation). Additionally,
experiments that for ethical or practical reasons could not be done
with humans may be conducted with other animals. The animal
research is extending the understanding of biologically-based
reward mechanisms that regulate eating and exercise,
environment-behavior interactions that affect anorexia, and the
biochemical changes that accompany physical activity and
starvation.
Increasingly, however, the impact of physical activity on human
anorexia is being directly investigated--eight out of fourteen
research chapters in this volume are based on human research. Some
researchers are interested in the impact of hyperactivity and
caloric restriction on human reproductive function. Other authors
are investigating physically active subgroups of people considered
to be at risk for anorexia. Finally, several clinician/researchers
suggest how physical activity and extreme dieting interact for
anorexia nervosa patients.
Chapter authors were asked to present their views independent of
the editors' argument that, when it is present, physical activity
is central to anorexia. Many of the contributors disagree with the
editors about the details of activity anorexia. A few suggest that
excessive physical activity is either incidental to, or an
epiphenomenon of, anorexia. Most authors are, however, in accord
with the view that physical activity reduces food consumption which
further drives up activity that results in even less caloric
intake. No matter what their perspective, all contributors agree
that hyperactivity frequently accompanies self-starvation in humans
and other animals. The end result is a lively book that provides a
source of ideas for both researchers and practitioners.
Over the past 30 years, many social psychologists have been
critical of the practice of using incentive systems in business,
education, and other applied settings. The concern is that money,
high grades, prizes, and even praise may be effective in getting
people to perform an activity but performance and interest are
maintained only so long as the reward keeps coming. Once the reward
is withdrawn, the concern is that individuals will enjoy the
activity less, perform at a lower level, and spend less time on the
task. The claim is that rewards destroy people's intrinsic
motivation. Widely accepted, this view has been enormously
influential and has led many employers, teachers, and other
practitioners to question the use of rewards and incentive systems
in applied settings. Contrary to this view, the research by Cameron
and Pierce indicates that rewards can be used effectively to
enhance interest and performance. The book centers around the
debate on rewards and intrinsic motivation. Based on historical,
narrative, and meta-analytic reviews, Cameron and Pierce show that,
contrary to many claims, rewards do not have pervasive negative
effects. Instead, the authors show that careful arrangement of
rewards enhances motivation, performance, and interest. The overall
goal of the book is to draw together over 30 years of research on
rewards, motivation, and performance and to provide practitioners
with techniques for designing effective incentive systems.
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