Questions about variation, similarity, enumeration, and classification of musical structures have long intrigued both musicians and mathematicians. Mathematical models can be found from theoretical analysis to actual composition or sound production. Increasingly in the last few decades, musical scholarship has incorporated modern mathematical content. One example is the application of methods from Algebraic Combinatorics, or Topology and Graph Theory, to the classification of different musical objects. However, these applications of mathematics in the understanding of music have also led to interesting open problems in mathematics itself.The reach and depth of the contributions on mathematical music theory presented in this volume is significant. Each contribution is in a section within these subjects: (i) Algebraic and Combinatorial Approaches; (ii) Geometric, Topological, and Graph-Theoretical Approaches; and (iii) Distance and Similarity Measures in Music.

Over 100 beautiful, informative photos display the green roofs technology that is quickly becoming a fundamental element of the emerging practice of living architecture. The award-winning roof designs displayed and described, for private homes, businesses, and public spaces alike, integrate natural and artificial systems, resulting in healthier, more sustainable buildings and communities. Green roofs have the capacity to deliver multiple public and private benefits. The projects depicted and discussed cover a wide geographic range from Manitoba to Florida, stretching from the mid-Atlantic coast to the Pacific. The projects are almost exclusively the product of multi-disciplinary, collaborative design processes. Details about the plants used, growing media, drainage and irrigation systems, and waterproofing, along with descriptions of challenges overcome, and innovations developed, are provided.

Questions about variation, similarity, enumeration, and classification of musical structures have long intrigued both musicians and mathematicians. Mathematical models can be found from theoretical analysis to actual composition or sound production. Increasingly in the last few decades, musical scholarship has incorporated modern mathematical content. One example is the application of methods from Algebraic Combinatorics, or Topology and Graph Theory, to the classification of different musical objects. However, these applications of mathematics in the understanding of music have also led to interesting open problems in mathematics itself.The reach and depth of the contributions on mathematical music theory presented in this volume is significant. Each contribution is in a section within these subjects: (i) Algebraic and Combinatorial Approaches; (ii) Geometric, Topological, and Graph-Theoretical Approaches; and (iii) Distance and Similarity Measures in Music.

More than 80% of the financial assets in the United States fall under the purview of a trustee. That's a big responsibility for an estimated 1% (around 1.5 million people) of the U.S. working population charged with overseeing investments for millions and millions of beneficiaries, public sector, and non-profit organizations. In a world proliferated by investment products, increasingly dominated by indexes, faced-particularly in the pension world-with increasing liabilities, more regulation, and a growing number of social and sustainability objectives, what's a trustee to do? The Trustee Governance Guide is here to help guide today's board trustee through the brave new world of 21st century investing. The book focuses on the critical aspects of the Five Imperatives: Governance, Knowledge, Diversification, Discipline, and Impact. Based on more than a decade of research, practice, and discussions with many key decision makers and influencers across the industry, this book addresses the many topics related to better governance, greater mission-driven financial performance, and impact. The questions the book addresses include: * What is good governance, how do we know it when we see it, and why does it matter? * How much knowledge is necessary to be a competent board member? * How big should my endowment be? * What are the key elements of a diversified portfolio? * How much does cost matter? * What's the difference between socially responsible and ESG investing? * Can I focus on sustainability and still be a good fiduciary? This book provides a way for boards to improve and benchmark their own governance performance alongside their peers, and uniquely covers related investment topics in each chapter.

Was war die Hanse? Ein Stadtebund? Diese Untersuchungen betrachten die "Stadtehanse" unter einem neuen Aspekt und kommen zu einer anderen Antwort auf diese seit hundert Jahren strittige Frage. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Ratsherren, die als Delegierte Stadte auf dem Hansetag vertraten und die hansische Politik bestimmten. Es zeigt sich, dass diese Herren nicht an erster Stelle auf die Interessen einer Stadt verpflichtet waren. Sie waren verwandtschaftlich und geschaftlich mit fuhrenden Kaufleuten und Ratsherren in anderen Stadten verbunden. Auf Hansetagen trafen sie enge Geschaftspartner und Verwandte wie Cousins, Schwager, Onkel oder sogar Bruder, die als Delegierte anderer Stadte auftraten. Die (handelspolitischen) Interessen dieser stadteubergreifenden Netze vertraten die Delegierten auf den Versammlungen. Auf Hansetagen wurden die unterschiedlichen Netze immer wieder zum Netzwerk Hanse verbunden.