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This volume publishes accounts of archaeological exploration
carried out during the last 30 years or so in the Sudanese Eastern
Desert. It is divided into two related parts. The first and
foremost covers results from the work of the Centro Ricerche sul
Deserto Orientale (CeRDO), which is based at Varese in northern
Italy. Between 1989 and 2006, CeRDO, directed by the brothers
Alfredo and Angelo Castiglioni, ran a pioneering programme of
expeditions, which traversed the so-called ‘Korosko Road’ (the
main desert route connecting Egypt and Sudan) and followed multiple
other tracks throughout the Eastern Desert. They encountered in the
process a rich archaeological landscape, hundreds of previously
undocumented sites, many frequented over millennia, prominent among
them gold-production areas and their associated settlements. The
CeRDO record, the photographic database, the material retrieved, to
which several of the papers published here are devoted, are now all
the more valuable, in that many of these sites have since been
badly disturbed and some entirely destroyed by recent goldmining
activities. The second part, introduced by a concise account of the
historical usage of the Korosko Road, reports in full on a single,
short season of documentation, organized in 2013 under the
auspices, and with the support, of the Sudan Archaeological
Research Society. Its main aim was detailed recording of a group of
pharaonic rock-inscriptions discovered by CeRDO expeditions, most
located along the Korosko Road and almost all related to the
colonial gold-working industry. The project included also a degree
of investigation and mapping of the wider context, as well as the
recording and study of associated archaeological material, in
particular of ceramic remains. The results complement and usefully
extend in part those of CeRDO.
Of the Nubian Archaeological Campaigns responding to the
construction of the Aswan High Dam, the survey and excavations
carried out within Sudanese Nubia represent the most substantial
achievement of the larger enterprise. Many components of the larger
project of the UNESCO - Sudan Antiquities Service Survey have been
published, in addition to the reports of a number of other major
projects assigned separate concessions within the region. However,
the results of one major element, the Archaeological Survey of
Sudanese Nubia (ASSN) between the Second Cataract and the Dal
Cataract remain largely unpublished. This volume, focusing on the
pharaonic sites, is the first of a series which aims to bring to
publication the records of the ASSN. These records represent a
major body of data relating to a region largely now lost to
flooding. This is also a region of very considerable importance for
understanding the archaeology and history of Nubia more generally,
not least in relation to the still often poorly understood
relationships between Lower Nubia to the north and the surviving
areas of Middle and Upper Nubia, to the south. The ASSN project
fieldwork was undertaken over six years between 1963 and 1969,
investigating c.130km of the river valley between Gemai, at the
south end of the Second Cataract, and Dal.
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