The primary objective of this research was to develop and test a pipe-section reactor to measure the decay rate of disinfectant at the pipe wall. The pipe-section reactor is more convenient than pipe loop reactors which require a large laboratory and large supply volume of water. It is also a more realistic representation of the pipe surface than provided in pipe coupon experiments or annular reactors. The effects of water velocity and corrosion rate can be investigated using a pipe-section reactor, while still affording the simplicity of laboratory-scale, batch reactor operation. The secondary objective was to collect field data from two distribution systems in North Carolina (North Chatham County and Durham) to measure the decay of free chlorine by two alternative methods and to explore a relationship with corrosion rate. The ultimate goal would be to achieve a better understanding of disinfectant decay at the pipe walls such that a set of default values for decay rate coefficients could be specified for free chlorination and chloramination, the two most common secondary disinfectants.The pipe-section reactor consisted of a 20-inch (508 mm) length of either a six-inch (152 mm) diameter section of cast iron (CI) or cement-lined ductile iron (DI) pipe. An inner cylinder of Plexiglas was inserted to create a narrow annular space between pipe wall and the Plexiglas wall. A large, propeller-type stirrer was inserted into the inner cylinder to circulate water from the inner cylinder to the annular space. The water velocity adjacent to the pipe wall was controlled by the rotational speed of the stirrer motor; the velocity range was from about 0.5 to 2.0 ft/s (0.16 to 0.62 m/s). The pipe-section reactor can be operated in both continuous flow and batch modes of operation. In either mode, experiments can be designed easily to test different rate models for wall reactions. The reactor was filled with the tap water distributed by the Orange Water and Sewer Authority (OWASA) which on annual average is of very low alkalinity (3.1 mg/L as CaCO3) with a pH of 7.4 and a total organic carbon (TOC) of 3.2 mg/L. The average annual concentration of a phosphate-based corrosion inhibitor was 1.3 mg/L.Except in experiments in which dissolved oxygen (DO) was removed, the DO was between 7 and 8.5 mg/L in the test water within the reactor at the beginning of the experiment. The decay rate in bulk water was measured in independent experiments in which 2 L of OWASA tap water was placed in a 2-L clean glass bottle in a dark place at room temperature (21C). Sample volumes of 25 mL were withdrawn for each chlorine measurement, giving a total withdrawal of 200 to 300 mL in each rate test. The experiments with the CI pipe-section reactor measured the effects of initial chlorine concentration, water velocity, pH, Cl - and DO on the rate of chlorine decay. The same parameters with the exception of DO were investigated in a DI pipe-section reactor.

Written by experts in cardiovascular disease, hematology, and oncology, The Washington Manual (R) of Cardio-Oncology: A Practical Guide for Improved Cancer Survivorship is a clinically relevant, easy-to-use primer on the detection, management, and improved cardiovascular-based patient outcomes in adults undergoing treatment for cancer or who have previously survived cancer therapy. Edited by Drs. Daniel J. Lenihan, Joshua D. Mitchell, and Kathleen W. Zhang, this concise yet comprehensive manual provides high-yield information that reflects today's advances in risk stratification, early diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease-all in an easy-access, concisely bulleted format for on-the-go reference. Discusses the multitude of complex adverse effects of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy to help optimize quality of life and prolong survival in this vulnerable patient population. Includes chapters on how cancer therapy affects the myocardium, valves, pericardium and cardiac electrical system including handy reference tables on typical side effects of commonly used cancer therapies. Provides practical guidance in an easy-to-follow format that covers definition, associated drugs/therapies, epidemiology, diagnosis (history, physical exam, and diagnostic testing), treatment, and outcome/prognosis. Covers the role of non-invasive imaging modalities in the diagnosis and screening for cardiovascular disease including echocardiography, MRI, and nuclear imaging. Addresses frequently encountered clinical scenarios such as preoperative or pre-high-risk treatment evaluation with up-to-date expert consensus recommendations. Details emerging treatments and optimal use of non-invasive imaging in cardiac amyloidosis. Features easy-to-use flow-charts and tables that aid in the differentiation of cardiac masses. The Washington Manual (R) is a registered mark belonging to Washington University in St. Louis to which international legal protection applies. The mark is used in this publication by Wolters Kluwer Health under license from Washington University. Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s),such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook,powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Lessons in Sustainable Development from Japan and South Korea provides a concise overview of sustainable development in Japan and South Korea. Hsu, Naoi, and Zhang focus on environment, energy, health, technology, biodiversity, production, governance, well-being, livelihood, regulation, property rights, and minerals as indicators of sustainable development. Japan has greatly improved its environment since the industrialization process ended in the 1970s. The nation also has excellent health care and transportation systems. However, Japan continues to struggle with gender inequality and traffic congestion. Poverty and inequality have remained challenges since the 1990s. Similarly, South Korea is continuing to improve its environment, as well as its health care system, but struggles with gender inequality, poverty, and inequality. The countries can benefit from better social policies, as well as from a partnership in improving energy self-sufficiency, including enhancement of renewable energy technologies.

"Modeling of Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing Processes with Applications in Metal Forming and Resistance Welding "provides readers with a basic understanding of the fundamental ingredients in plasticity, heat transfer and electricity that are necessary to develop and proper utilize computer programs based on the finite element flow formulation.

Computer implementation of a wide range of theoretical and numerical subjects related to mesh generation, contact algorithms, elasticity, anisotropic constitutive equations, solution procedures and parallelization of equation solvers is comprehensively described.

Illustrated and enriched with selected examples obtained from industrial applications, " Modeling of Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing Processes with Applications in Metal Forming and Resistance Welding "works to diminish the gap between the developers of finite element computer programs and the professional engineers with expertise in industrial joining technologies by metal forming and resistance welding.

Dealing with economic issues related to income and wealth among individuals, regions and countries, this book presents a general theory with endogenous capital, knowledge and preference changes for an economic system with heterogeneous households, multiple sectors, multiple regions and multiple countries.

Wei-Bin Zhang offers an authoritative guide to the philosophy of Confucianism and its impact in the Confucian regions, covering mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Vietnam and Singapore. All, except Singapore, employed Confucianism as the state ideology before the West came to East Asia. The differences and similarities between the variety of Confucian schools are examined. The author concludes that the philosophical and ethical principles of Confucianism will assist in the industrialization and democratization of the region.

Escrito por expertos en enfermedades cardiovasculares, hematología y oncología, Manual Washington ® de cardiooncología. Guía práctica para mejorar la supervivencia al cáncer es un manual clínicamente relevante y fácil de usar sobre la detección, el tratamiento y la mejora de los resultados cardiovasculares de los pacientes adultos sometidos a tratamiento contra el cáncer o que han sobrevivido previamente a un tratamiento oncológico. Editado por los doctores Daniel J. Lenihan, Joshua D. Mitchell y Kathleen W. Zhang, este manual conciso, pero exhaustivo, proporciona información de alto rendimiento que refleja los avances actuales en la estatificación del riesgo, el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, todo ello en un formato de fácil acceso y concisas viñetas para su consulta sobre la marcha. Organizado de forma accesible, confiable y concisa, el libro comienza con un abordaje general del paciente con cáncer que puede estar en riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares. A continuación, se presentan varios capítulos sobre tratamientos específicos para el cáncer y su relación con la cardiopatía, el manejo de los dispositivos intravasculares, y la disfunción autónoma. Los siguientes capítulos se centran en herramientas comunes y eficaces para detectar la cardiotoxicidad con ecocardiografía, biomarcadores cardiacos y resonancia magnética cardiaca. La última sección del libro se centra en la amiloidosis, un área que con frecuencia es competencia del cardiooncólogo debido a la superposición entre amiloidosis por cadena ligera y amiloidosis cardiaca. Se concluye con un análisis contemporáneo de las consideraciones del tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca avanzada en un paciente con cáncer activo o tratado previamente por cáncer.

A fully comprehensive examination of state-of-the-art technologies for measurement at the small scale Highlights the advanced research work from industry and academia in micro-nano devices test technology Written at both introductory and advanced levels, provides the fundamentals and theories Focuses on the measurement techniques for characterizing MEMS/NEMS devices

An updated overview of the rapidly developing field of green techniques for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry Green chemistry remains a high priority in modern organic synthesis and pharmaceutical R&D, with important environmental and economic implications. This book presents comprehensive coverage of green chemistry techniques for organic and medicinal chemistry applications, summarizing the available new technologies, analyzing each technique's features and green chemistry characteristics, and providing examples to demonstrate applications for green organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. The extensively revised edition of Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry includes 7 entirely new chapters on topics including green chemistry and innovation, green chemistry metrics, green chemistry and biological drugs, and the business case for green chemistry in the generic pharmaceutical industry. It is divided into 4 parts. The first part introduces readers to the concepts of green chemistry and green engineering, global environmental regulations, green analytical chemistry, green solvents, and green chemistry metrics. The other three sections cover green catalysis, green synthetic techniques, and green techniques and strategies in the pharmaceutical industry. Includes more than 30% new and updated material--plus seven brand new chapters Edited by highly regarded experts in the field (Berkeley Cue is one of the fathers of Green Chemistry in Pharma) with backgrounds in academia and industry Brings together a team of international authors from academia, industry, government agencies, and consultancies (including John Warner, one of the founders of the field of Green Chemistry) Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Second Edition is an essential resource on green chemistry technologies for academic researchers, R&D professionals, and students working in organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.

The emergence of a new macro economy in Euro-Asia is a great challenge for academics and policy makers alike. Our book focuses on this macro economy and the monetary and fiscal policy responses. As the new environment has evolved over time, private behaviour as well as policy responses have changed. Policy makers as well as private agents had to learn the new environment. In our book we thus put heavy emphasis on uncertainty and learning. The first part of the book explores monetary policies allowing for uncertainty and time-varying behaviour of economic agents in markets, in particular in the labour market and the monetary policy responses to it. We study both forward and backward looking behaviour, learning and robust control as well as the role of financial markets for policies. The second part explores fiscal policy in the Euro-area, its sustainability, its effects on economic growth and the attempts of the Euro-area to stabilize the public debt. The third part explores monetary and fiscal policy interactions in the Euro-area countries. Since there are many national fiscal authorities but only one monetary authority this is a particularly challenging problem of Euro-area countries. Methodologically, we use modern methods such as advanced econometric methodology, learning models that allows to study time varying behaviour, and dynamic macro modelling and dynamic optimization.

Providing an insider's examination of China's economic reform and its political implications, this text uses wide ranging primary materials, including interviews, surveys and author's own recollections of Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang. It aims to shed new light on the Chinese approach to reform, including its dual goal, dynamic gradualism and reform leadership. It assesses the vast social and political changes set forth by the reform, especially multiplying socio political problems, and the international ramifications of China's rise.

This text offers a guide to the philosophy of Confucianism and its impact in the Confucian regions, covering mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Vietnam and Singapore. All, except Singapore, employed Confucianism as the state ideology before the west came to East Asia. The differences and similarities between the variety of Confucian schools are examined. The author concludes that the philosophical and ethical principles of Confucianism will assist in the industrialization and democratization of the region.

Microarray technology provides researchers in the life sciences with a revolutionary tool for measuring gene expression. However, this highly developed process involves multiple steps, from sample selection to data analysis, each susceptible to potentially costly errors. Without sound quality control, experimental microarrays may produce useless or, even worse, misleading results.

Microarray Quality Control provides a comprehensive resource for ensuring quality control in every step of this complex process. From experimental design to data processing, analysis, and interpretation, the emphasis in this text remains on practical advice for each stage of planning and running a microarray study. Chapters cover:

• Quality of biological samples
• Quality of DNA
• Hybridization protocols Scanning
• Data acquisition
• Image analysis
• Data analysis

Written for the broad group of workers-biologists, mathematicians, statisticians, engineers, physicians, and computational scientists-involved in microarray studies, Microarray Quality Control features a straightforward style easily accessed by various disciplines. Useful checklists and tips help ensure the integrity of results, and each chapter contains a thorough review of pertinent literature.

The only complete, systematic treatment of the topic available, Microarray Quality Control offers students and practitioners an invaluable resource for improving experimental quality and efficiency.