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In 1920, Hirose demonstrated the luteinising effect of placental
tissue and one year later, Evans and Long described luteinised
ovaries in rats treated with hypophysial extracts. In 1926, Zondek
and Aschheim as well as Smith, independently of each other, showed
that a gonad-stimulating hormone was secreted by the
adenohypophysis. In 1927, Aschheim and Zondek found their "Prolan"
in human pregnancy urine and the first reliable pregnancy test was
available. In the following years it could be demonstrated that the
gonadotropic hormones from pituitary and from pregnancy urin were
not of identical structure. During the years 1931 - 1933 Fevold and
coworkers prepared follicle stimulating hormone from sheep
pituitaries which were free of other hormone activities. Already in
1934, Collip found "antihormones" in animals treated with
proteinhormones from animals of another species. It could be shown
that they were antibodies against these hormones and this was the
future basis for the immunological era starting in 1960. The
quantitative determination of gonadotropins has been performed over
several decades by difficult bioassays and since 1960 immunological
and later radioimmunological assays became available. Since that
time a new field was opened for the studies of gonadotropins.
During this time, highly purified preparations of gonadotropins
were available for research and clinical treatment. I recall the
first successful attempt of inducing follicle growth and ovulation
by Gemzell and coworkers 1958 as well as by Lunenfeld and
Bettendorf at about the same time.
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