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This new edition of Unequal By Design: High-Stakes Testing and the
Standardization of Inequality critically examines the deep and
enduring problems within systems of education in the U.S., in order
to illuminate what is really at stake for students, teachers, and
communities negatively affected by such testing. Updates to the new
edition include new chapters that focus on: the role of schools and
standardized testing in reproducing social, cultural, and economic
inequalities; the way high-stakes testing is used to advance
neoliberal, market-based educational schemes that ultimately
concentrate wealth and power among elites; how standardized testing
became the dominant tool within our educational systems; the
numerous technical and ideological problems with using standardized
tests to evaluate students, teachers, and schools; the role that
high-stakes testing plays in the maintenance of white supremacy;
and how school communities have resisted high-stakes testing and
used better assessments of student learning. Parents, teachers,
university students, and scholars will find Unequal By Design
useful for gaining a broad, critical understanding of the issues
surrounding our over-reliance on high-stakes, standardized testing
in the U.S. through up-to-date research on testing, historical and
contemporary examples of the struggles over such tests, and
information about how testing has fostered the privatization of
public education in the U.S.
This new edition of Unequal By Design: High-Stakes Testing and the
Standardization of Inequality critically examines the deep and
enduring problems within systems of education in the U.S., in order
to illuminate what is really at stake for students, teachers, and
communities negatively affected by such testing. Updates to the new
edition include new chapters that focus on: the role of schools and
standardized testing in reproducing social, cultural, and economic
inequalities; the way high-stakes testing is used to advance
neoliberal, market-based educational schemes that ultimately
concentrate wealth and power among elites; how standardized testing
became the dominant tool within our educational systems; the
numerous technical and ideological problems with using standardized
tests to evaluate students, teachers, and schools; the role that
high-stakes testing plays in the maintenance of white supremacy;
and how school communities have resisted high-stakes testing and
used better assessments of student learning. Parents, teachers,
university students, and scholars will find Unequal By Design
useful for gaining a broad, critical understanding of the issues
surrounding our over-reliance on high-stakes, standardized testing
in the U.S. through up-to-date research on testing, historical and
contemporary examples of the struggles over such tests, and
information about how testing has fostered the privatization of
public education in the U.S.
A CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title 2012! Critical Curriculum
Studies offers a novel framework for thinking about how curriculum
relates to students' understanding of the world around them. Wayne
Au brings together curriculum theory, critical educational studies,
and feminist standpoint theory with practical examples of teaching
for social justice to argue for a transformative curriculum that
challenges existing inequity in social, educational, and economic
relations. Making use of the work of important scholars such as
Freire, Vygotsky, Hartsock, Harding, and others, Critical
Curriculum Studies, argues that we must understand the relationship
between the curriculum and the types of consciousness we carry out
into the world.
The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Education is the
first authoritative reference work to provide an international
analysis of the relationship between power, knowledge, education,
and schooling. Rather than focusing solely on questions of how we
teach efficiently and effectively, contributors to this volume push
further to also think critically about education's relationship to
economic, political, and cultural power. The various sections of
this book integrate into their analyses the conceptual, political,
pedagogic, and practical histories, tensions, and resources that
have established critical education as one of the most vital and
growing movements within the field of education, including topics
such as: * social movements and pedagogic work * critical research
methods for critical education * the politics of practice and the
recreation of theory * the freirian legacy. With a comprehensive
introduction by Michael W. Apple, Wayne Au, and Luis Armando
Gandin, along with thirty-five newly-commissioned pieces by some of
the most prestigious education scholars in the world, this Handbook
provides the definitive statement on the state of critical
education and on its possibilities for the future.
The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Education is the
first authoritative reference work to provide an international
analysis of the relationship between power, knowledge, education,
and schooling. Rather than focusing solely on questions of how we
teach efficiently and effectively, contributors to this volume push
further to also think critically about education's relationship to
economic, political, and cultural power. The various sections of
this book integrate into their analyses the conceptual, political,
pedagogic, and practical histories, tensions, and resources that
have established critical education as one of the most vital and
growing movements within the field of education, including topics
such as: social movements and pedagogic work critical research
methods for critical education the politics of practice and the
recreation of theory the freirian legacy. With a comprehensive
introduction by Michael W. Apple, Wayne Au, and Luis Armando
Gandin, along with thirty-five newly-commissioned pieces by some of
the most prestigious education scholars in the world, this Handbook
provides the definitive statement on the state of critical
education and on its possibilities for the future.
Challenging and complex questions around inequality and power have
been persistent within modern systems of education since their
inception. But in the last four or five decades the vibrant field
of critical education has developed and grown in response to such
issues. Specifically, education scholars adopting a critical
approach seek to interrogate how social, economic, cultural,
linguistic, racial, sexual, and other forms of difference intersect
and play out within school policy and classroom practices.
Additionally, such scholars have shed light on the ways in which
education can transform schools and society to be more just and
radically democratic. The learned editors of this landmark
Routledge Major Work collection argue that the field of critical
education has become central within educational research. Most
teacher-training programmes include courses that examine both the
problems of inequality in education, and also how teachers and
scholars can work to ameliorate those same problems. Moreover, the
reach of critical educational research, policy, and practice is now
truly international. The influence of these perspectives in Brazil
and throughout Latin America, in part due to the work of Paulo
Freire, is particularly striking. Powerful currents of critical
education can also be found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. For
example, entire states within India have based their efforts in
school reform and the interruption of educationally driven
inequalities around the principles of critical pedagogic and
curricular traditions, arguments, and practices that have been
enunciated in the literature. Another example can be found in
China, where Beijing Normal University-which has the most
influential school of education in China-has established a research
centre in the name of the lead editor of this collection to
document and spread the national and international influences of
critical education. With the established and growing potency and
influence of critical education across national borders, this new
Routledge title answers the need for an authoritative reference
work to enable users to map and make sense of critical approaches
to education. The volumes focus on both historical antecedents in
the field (including key works produced before the term 'critical
education' gained wide currency but which anticipate approaches now
included under that rubric), as well as what might be considered
foundational or guiding texts that broke new theoretical or
political ground in their time. They also address crucial
controversies and contradictions, while bringing together some of
the sharpest and most insightful pieces of contemporary critical
education scholarship and points towards significant new directions
in the field. Supplemented with a full index, and general and
volume introductions, newly written by the editors, which situate
the collected materials in their historical and intellectual
context, Critical Education is certain to be appreciated by
scholars, students, and researchers as a vital reference and
pedagogic resource.
Social studies education over its hundred-year history has focused
predominantly on white and male narratives. This has not only been
detrimental to the increasingly diverse population of the U.S., but
it has also meant that social studies as a field of scholarship has
systematically excluded and marginalized the voices, teaching, and
research of women, scholars of color, queer scholars, and scholars
whose politics challenge the dominant traditions of history,
geography, economics, and civics education. This is increasingly no
longer the case. Teachers and scholars have the power -- through
pedagogy, curriculum, and community activism - and use it to
actively resist injustice while also working towards a more
radically just world. It is of great importance to the
discipline-and to the children who are being educated now and will
be in the future-that the work of these pioneers be collected and
shared. Insurgent Social Studies disrupts the current state of
social education by highlighting those whose work has often been
deemed "too radical." The contributions cover voices marginalized
by race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, political and
socio-economic status. They honor the different viewpoints while
building solidarity via a shared call to change. Theoretically
grounded and abounding in examples of practice, this book is
essential reading to all researchers and practitioners in social
studies, and is perfect as an adopted text in the social studies
curriculum at Colleges of Education.
Mapping Corporate Education Reform outlines and analyzes the
complex relationships between policy actors that define education
reform within the current, neoliberal context. Using social network
analysis and powerful data visualization tools, the authors
identify the problematic roots of these relationships and describe
their effects both in the U.S. and abroad. Through a series of case
studies, each chapter reveals how powerful actors, from billionaire
philanthropists to multinational education corporations, leverage
their resources to implement free market mechanisms within public
education. By comprehensively connecting the dots of neoliberal
education reforms, the authors reveal not only the details of the
reforms themselves, but the relationships that enable actors to
amass troubling degrees of political power through network
governance. A critical analysis of the actors and interests behind
education policies, Mapping Corporate Education Reform uncovers the
frequently obscured operations of educational governance and offers
key insights into education reform at the present moment.
Mapping Corporate Education Reform outlines and analyzes the
complex relationships between policy actors that define education
reform within the current, neoliberal context. Using social network
analysis and powerful data visualization tools, the authors
identify the problematic roots of these relationships and describe
their effects both in the U.S. and abroad. Through a series of case
studies, each chapter reveals how powerful actors, from billionaire
philanthropists to multinational education corporations, leverage
their resources to implement free market mechanisms within public
education. By comprehensively connecting the dots of neoliberal
education reforms, the authors reveal not only the details of the
reforms themselves, but the relationships that enable actors to
amass troubling degrees of political power through network
governance. A critical analysis of the actors and interests behind
education policies, Mapping Corporate Education Reform uncovers the
frequently obscured operations of educational governance and offers
key insights into education reform at the present moment.
The number of Asian American students in schools and colleges has
soared in the last twenty-five years, and they make up one of the
fastest growing segments of the student population. However,
classroom material often does not include their version of the
American experience. Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans was
created to address this void. This resource guide provides
interactive activities, assignments, and strategies for classrooms
or workshops. Those new to the field of Asian American studies will
appreciate the background information on issues that concern Asian
Pacific Americans, while experts in the field will find powerful,
innovative teaching activities that clearly convey established and
new ideas. The activities in this book have been used effectively
in classrooms, workshops for staff and practitioners in student
services programs, community-based organizations, teacher training
programs, social service agencies, and diversity training. Teaching
About Asian Pacific Americans serves as a critical resource for
anyone interested in race, ethnicity, and Asian Pacific American
communities.
The number of Asian American students in schools and colleges has
soared in the last twenty-five years, and they make up one of the
fastest growing segments of the student population. However,
classroom material often does not include their version of the
American experience. Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans was
created to address this void. This resource guide provides
interactive activities, assignments, and strategies for classrooms
or workshops. Those new to the field of Asian American studies will
appreciate the background information on issues that concern Asian
Pacific Americans, while experts in the field will find powerful,
innovative teaching activities that clearly convey established and
new ideas. The activities in this book have been used effectively
in classrooms, workshops for staff and practitioners in student
services programs, community-based organizations, teacher training
programs, social service agencies, and diversity training. Teaching
About Asian Pacific Americans serves as a critical resource for
anyone interested in race, ethnicity, and Asian Pacific American
communities.
A CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title 2012! Critical Curriculum
Studies offers a novel framework for thinking about how curriculum
relates to students' understanding of the world around them. Wayne
Au brings together curriculum theory, critical educational studies,
and feminist standpoint theory with practical examples of teaching
for social justice to argue for a transformative curriculum that
challenges existing inequity in social, educational, and economic
relations. Making use of the work of important scholars such as
Freire, Vygotsky, Hartsock, Harding, and others, Critical
Curriculum Studies, argues that we must understand the relationship
between the curriculum and the types of consciousness we carry out
into the world.
In A Marxist Education: Learning to Change the World, professor and
education activist Wayne Au traces both his own development as a
Marxist educator, as well as the development of Marxist educational
theory. Arguing that dialectical materialism is at the heart of
Marxist theory, Au uses dialectics to not only analyse the
relationship between capitalism and schools, but also to understand
teaching, learning, and curriculum. In the process, A Marxist
Education challenges the idea that Marxism is Eurocentric, reclaims
noted educators such as Lev Vygotsky and Paulo Freire as being
within the Marxist tradition, and integrates racial and feminist
traditions into analyses of education, consciousness, and power.
This practical book shows how veteran, justiceoriented social
studies teachers are responding to the Common Core State Standards,
focusing on how they build curriculum, support students' literacy
skills, and prepare students to think and act critically within and
beyond the classroom. In order to provide direct
classroom-toclassroom insights, the authors draw on letters written
by veteran teachers addressed to new teachers entering the field.
The first section of the book introduces the three approaches
teachers can take for teaching for social justice within the
constraints of the Common Core State Standards (embracing,
reframing, or resisting the standards). The second section analyzes
specific approaches to teaching the Common Core, using teacher
narratives to illustrate key processes. The final section
demonstrates how teachers develop, support, and sustain their
identities as justice-oriented educators in standards-driven
classrooms. Each chapter includes exemplary lesson plans drawn from
diverse grades and classrooms, and offers concrete recommendations
to guide practice.
Within curriculum studies, a "master narrative" has developed into
a canon that is predominantly White, male, and associated with
institutions of higher education. This canon has systematically
neglected communities of color, all of which were engaged in their
own critical conversations about the type of education that would
best benefit their children. Building upon earlier work that
reviewed curriculum texts, this book serves as a much-needed
correction to the glaring gaps in U.S. curriculum history. Chapters
focus on the curriculum discourses of African Americans, Native
Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos during what has been
construed as the "founding" period of curriculum studies,
reclaiming their historical legacy and recovering the multicultural
history of educational foundations in the United States. Book
Features: Challenges the historical foundations of curriculum
studies in the United States during the turn of and early decades
of the 20th century. Illuminates the curriculum conversations,
struggles, and contentions of communities of color. Highlights
curriculum historically as a site at the intersection of
colonization, White supremacy, and Americanization in the United
States. Brings marginalized voices from the community into the
conversation of curriculum, typically dominated by university
voices.
Within curriculum studies, a "master narrative" has developed into
a canon that is predominantly White, male, and associated with
institutions of higher education. This canon has systematically
neglected communities of color, all of which were engaged in their
own critical conversations about the type of education that would
best benefit their children. Building upon earlier work that
reviewed curriculum texts, this book serves as a much-needed
correction to the glaring gaps in U.S. curriculum history. Chapters
focus on the curriculum discourses of African Americans, Native
Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos during what has been
construed as the "founding" period of curriculum studies,
reclaiming their historical legacy and recovering the multicultural
history of educational foundations in the United States. Book
Features: Challenges the historical foundations of curriculum
studies in the United States during the turn of and early decades
of the 20th century. Illuminates the curriculum conversations,
struggles, and contentions of communities of color. Highlights
curriculum historically as a site at the intersection of
colonization, White supremacy, and Americanization in the United
States. Brings marginalized voices from the community into the
conversation of curriculum, typically dominated by university
voices.
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