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"The Advances in Bioethics" series is devoted to publishing collections of original papers and multi-authored volumes that advance the field of bioethics either by exploring new areas, or by taking new approaches to traditional areas. Although the series is published in English, its scope is international, and manuscripts are welcome from authors throughout the world. This volume adopts a more personal view of bioethics by examining the physician. It discusses character formation, ethics, professional character, and other concepts and addresses the interpersonal aspects of physicians as well as the importance of character.
Since the 1970s, we have witnessed astonishing scientific and technical progress in the field of organ transplantation. Patients who suffer organ failure can now often have their lives greatly improved both in terms of quality and quantity of years. The success of transplantation techniques has created an enormous demand for donor organs. Unfortunately, donor organs are in short supply, relative to the number of patients who could greatly benefit from them. Therefore, donor organs are a scarce and valuable resource that must be thoughtfully and fairly allocated among waiting patients. Not surprisingly, this situation raises many pressing ethical questions, each requiring careful consideration. This volume presents a systematic and balanced treatment of some of the most pressing ethical questions including: what is our ethical obligation to become organ donors and who should be allowed to donate?; to what extent can markets facilitate the fair allocation of organs and how should we most fairly determine who should be recipients?; how do we determine death when the donor is not brain dead?; should non-human donor organs be used to save human lives and should we use organs from anencephalic infants and tissue from embryos? ; and what is the role of the news media in covering stories about organ transplantation? Many of the leading authorities in medical ethics come together in this volume to develop extensive analyses and arguments. The reader is provided with a sound understanding of the ethical, as well as many of the broader issues in organ donation and transplantation.
In recent years concerns over the use of results of scientific
advances, expectations about how medical decisions are made, and
demographic changes have raised ethical questions about how
resources are allocated, and how the principles of beneficence, and
respect for patient autonomy are applied. The effect that bioethics
can have on policy decisions and health care delivery demand an
enhanced approach to our understanding of such complex issues. This
volume opens a window to how empirical social research can be used
to illuminate and answer such quandaries and offers a practical
resource for those wishing to engage in this type of research.
Through a thorough look at both quantitative and qualitative
methods utilized in key research investigations in bioethics, the
book examines the impact of such investigations on clinical and
policy decision-making, scholarship and on the advancement of
theory. The varied sociological and anthropological research
examples that are presented allow readers to better understand the
richness and breadth of such work as well as relevant practical and
theoretical approaches.
It is apparent that the current literature fails to systematically describe and examine the diverse value and ethical issues that arise in relation to alcohol abuse. This volume attempts to fulfil this void by addressing the most basic scientific and philosophical questions about the causes of alcoholism, their implications for individual responsibility and the most basic public policy questions that stem from clinical medicine and public health.
Full-scale Bioethics research began in America around 1970, a
decade later America introduced it into Japan. More recently
Japanese researchers have realised the growing necessity to
evaluate Bioethics more objectively. The principles and policies
concerning Bioethics differ between countries. In particular,
considerable discrepancies have been occurring between Japanese
medical practices and the principles of Bioethics originally
imported from America. This has lead to the need for a close
investigation into the Japanese approach to Bioethics. Despite this however, there are currently only a few researchers
studying the Japanese approach to Bioethics. This interdisciplinary
anthology uniquely provides a significant examination of the
'Bioethics from Japan' by considering Japanese views from various
aspects, such as life and death, dignity, family and care. The
authors of this volume believe that in establishing their own
approach to Bioethics each country will increase the practicality
of this discipline and, by doing so, will aid the search for the
universal elements in Bioethics. The members of the Kumamoto University Bioethics Research Group have published a number of books on Bioethics in Japan over the past decade and in doing so have been preparing for the production of this anthology. The contributors of this volume are both current and former faculty members at Kumamoto University; a well-known institute for Minamata Disease and the volume contains essays written specifically in relation to this area of research.
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