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"Major reconsideration of civil-military relations in post-authoritarian Brazil uses case studies of labor rights, federal budgeting, and control over Amazonia to argue that logic of competitive politics allowed civilian politicians to gradually erode military influence. Well researched and documented"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Drawing on historical institutionalism and strategic frameworks,
this book analyzes the evolution of the Workers' Party between
1989, the year of Lula's first presidential bid, and 2009, when his
second presidential term entered its final stretch. The book's
primary purpose is to understand why and how the once-radical
Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) moderated the programmatic positions
it endorsed and adopted other aspects of a more catch-all electoral
strategy, thereby increasing its electoral appeal. At the same
time, the book seeks to shed light on why some of the PT's
distinctive normative commitments and organizational practices have
endured in the face of adaptations aimed at expanding the party's
vote share. The conclusion asks whether, in the face of these
changes and continuities, the PT can still be considered a mass
organized party of the left.
Can Latin America's 'new left' stimulate economic development,
enhance social equity, and deepen democracy in spite of the
economic and political constraints it faces? This is the first book
to systematically examine the policies and performance of the
left-wing governments that have risen to power in Latin America
during the last decade. Featuring thorough studies of Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela by renowned experts, the volume argues
that moderate leftist governments have attained greater, more
sustainable success than their more radical, contestatory
counterparts. Moderate governments in Brazil and Chile have
generated solid economic growth, reduced poverty and inequality,
and created innovative and fiscally sound social programs, while
respecting the fundamental principles of market economics and
liberal democracy. By contrast, more radical governments,
exemplified by Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, have expanded state
intervention and popular participation and attained some short-term
economic and social successes.
Understood simply, people are either citizens of a country or
stateless. Yet reality belies this dichotomy. Between absolute
statelessness and full citizenship exist millions of people who are
nationals of a country in principle but lack the identity documents
to prove it, beginning with a birth certificate. Languishing in a
gray zone, undocumented nationals have difficulty accessing the
full services and rights that their documented counterparts enjoy.
Drawing on a range of country examples, Undocumented Nationals:
Between Statelessness and Citizenship calls attention to and
analyzes the plight of people who cannot exercise full citizenship
owing to evidentiary deficiencies. The existing literature has not
adequately conceptualized and examined this in-between status,
which results sometimes from state neglect and other times from
intentional state discrimination. By highlighting its causes and
consequences, and exploring ways to address the problem, this
Cambridge Element addresses an important gap in the literature.
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