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The aim of this book is the pedagogical exploration of the basic
principles of quantum-statistical thermodynamics as applied to
various states of matter - ranging from rare gases to astrophysical
matter with high-energy density. The reader will learn in this work
that thermodynamics and quantum statistics are still the concepts
on which even the most advanced research is operating - despite of
a flood of modern concepts, classical entities like temperature,
pressure, energy and entropy are shown to remain fundamental. The
physics of gases, plasmas and high-energy density matter is still a
growing field and even though solids and liquids dominate our daily
life, more than 99 percent of the visible Universe is in the state
of gases and plasmas and the overwhelming part of matter exists at
extreme conditions connected with very large energy densities, such
as in the interior of stars. This text, combining material from
lectures and advanced seminars given by the authors over many
decades, is a must-have introduction and reference for both
newcomers and seasoned researchers alike.
These Proceedings contain invited lectures presented at the third
Interna- tional Conference on "Irreversible Processes and
Dissipative Structures" in Kiihlungsborn (German Democratic
Republic) in March, 1985. These con- ferences, the first of which
was held in Rostock in 1977 and the second in Berlin in 1982, are
devoted to the study of irreversible processes far from thermal
equilibrium and to the phenomena of selforganization. The meet- ing
in Kiihlungsborn brought together some 160 mathematicians,
physicists, chemists and biologists from 10 countries, who are all
interested in the inter- disciplinary field of synergetics. The
main topics of the conference were basic concepts of
selforganization and evolution, such as entropy, instabilities,
nucleation, dissipative struc- tures, chaos and turbulence. The
contributions cover methods from ther- modynamics, the theory of
dynamic systems, stochastic and statistic theory, the method of
Green's functions, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, etc.
Several problems are studied in more detail, e.g., the kinetics of
nucleation especially in finite systems, the dynamics of
interfaces, reaction-diffusion sys- tems, chemical and biochemical
pattern formation and information process- ing. Further, several
contributions are devoted to the development of the concepts of
chaos and turbulence. The editors hope that the contributions
collected in this volume will pro- vide some new information about
the field of selforganization, which is in full development now.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International
Conference on Evolutionary Computation held jointly with the 4th
Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN IV, in
Berlin, Germany, in September 1996.
The 103 revised papers presented in the volume were carefully
selected from more than 160 submissions. The papers are organized
in sections on basic concepts of evolutionary computation (EC),
theoretical foundations of EC, modifications and extensions of
evolutionary algorithms, comparison of methods, other metaphors,
and applications of EC in a variety of areas like ML, NNs,
engineering, CS, OR, and biology. The book has a comprehensive
subject index.
This thoroughly updated version of the German authoritative work on
self-organization has been completely rewritten by internationally
renowned experts and experienced book authors to also include a
review of more recent literature. It retains the original
enthusiasm and fascination surrounding thermodynamic systems far
from equilibrium, synergetics, and the origin of life, representing
an easily readable book and tutorial on this exciting field.
The book is unique in covering in detail the experimental and
theoretical fundamentals of self-organizing systems as well as such
selected features as random processes, structural networks and
multistable systems, while focusing on the physical and theoretical
modeling of natural selection and evolution processes. The authors
take examples from physics, chemistry, biology and social systems,
and include results hitherto unpublished in English.
The result is a one-stop resource relevant for students and
scientists in physics or related interdisciplinary fields,
including mathematical physics, biophysics, information science and
nanotechnology.
Most of the matter in our universe is in a gaseous or plasma state.
Yet, most textbooks on quantum statistics focus on examples from
and applications in condensed matter systems, due to the prevalence
of solids and liquids in our day-to-day lives. In an attempt to
remedy that oversight, this book consciously focuses on teaching
the subject matter in the context of (dilute) gases and plasmas,
while aiming primarily at graduate students and young researchers
in the field of quantum gases and plasmas for some of the more
advanced topics. The majority of the material is based on a
two-semester course held jointly by the authors over many years,
and has benefited from extensive feedback provided by countless
students and co-workers. The book also includes many historical
remarks on the roots of quantum statistics: firstly because
students appreciate and are strongly motivated by looking back at
the history of a given field of research, and secondly because the
spirit permeating this book has been deeply influenced by meetings
and discussions with several pioneers of quantum statistics over
the past few decades.
Die Autoren geben als aktiv Beteiligte erstmalig aus ihrem
persoenlichen Erleben einen Einblick auf die ersten zwei Jahrzehnte
der Synergetik-Geschichte. Hermann Haken fuhrt in die
Begrifflichkeit der Synergetik ein und verdeutlicht die
Schwierigkeiten, eine neues Denken in der Wissenschaft zu
etablieren. Peter Plath geht exemplarisch auf die Vorgeschichte der
Synergetik ein und zeigt an einem Fallbeispiel aus der Chemie, wie
die Idee der Synergetik zum Leitmotiv einer Forschungsgruppe wurde.
Werner Ebeling und Yuri Romanovsky beschreiben die intensive
Kooperation der Wissenschaftler aus Ost und West bei der
Herausbildung neuer Ideen zur Synergetik.
The VI. International Workshop on Physics of Nonideal Plasmas (PNP
VI) took place from November 18th to 21th, 1991, in Gosen (Germany)
at the Science communication & Conference Centre of the
Humboldt University of Berlin. The workshop was organized by the
Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Humboldt University and by
the Central Institute of Electron Physics, Berlin, with financial
support given by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, and the
Robert-Bosch-Stiftung, Stuttgart. The workshop was attended by more
than 100 scientists from 14 countries who presented about 120
papers, including 18 invited lectures. The series of PNP workshops,
which started in 1980, provides a biennial forum for both
experimental and theoretical research in the field of nonideal
plasmas. These meetings are organized alternately by the Central
Institute of Electron Physics, Berlin, and/or by one of the
universities of Berlin, Greifswald, and Rostock. They took place in
Matzlow-Garwitz (1980), Wustrow (1982 and 1988), Biesenthal (1984),
and Greifswald (1986). Since the beginning, the workshop has been
concerned mainly with fundamental studies of the thermodynamic,
transport, and radiative properties of nonideal plasmas. These
fields were also covered at PNP VI in Gosen, but new topics such as
high-pressure laser plasmas, dense astrophysical plasmas, molecular
dynamics and Monte-Carlo results, and the kinetics of transitions
have completed the programme. In particular, several papers
addressed the role of nonideal plasmas for radiation sources, for
inertial confinement fusion, for helio-seismology, and for the
determination of the structure of the giant planets.
This book presents both the fundamentals and the major research
topics in statistical physics of systems out of equilibrium. It
summarizes different approaches to describe such systems on the
thermodynamic and stochastic levels, and discusses a variety of
areas including reactions, anomalous kinetics, and the behavior of
self-propelling particles.
In these proceedings, it is shown that thermodynamical concepts are
not 'old fashioned' but still are most useful at the frontiers of
modern science. Among the contributors are well-known experts such
as Andresen (Copenhagen), Eu (Montreal), Gro mann (Marburg),
Kawasaki (Fuhuoha), Maugin (Paris), Nicolis (Bruxelles) and
Szepfalusy (Budapest). The subject covers a wide field including:
recent developments in phenomenological thermodynamics, statistical
foundation of thermodynamical concepts, thermodynamical concepts in
nonlinear dynamics, applications to nonlinear (neural) networks,
stochastic theory and transition processes.
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