The Joint Arctic Weather Stations were five meteorological and scientific monitoring stations constructed at Resolute, Eureka, Mould Bay, Isachsen, and Alert with the cooperation of the Canadian Department of Transport's meteorological branch and the United States Weather Bureau. From 1947 to the early 1970s as few as four Canadians and four Americans worked and lived at each of the four satellite stations, observing and collecting scientific data.This is the first systematic account of the Joint Arctic Weather Stations, a project that profoundly shaped state activates and scientific inquiry in the Arctic Archipelago. Drawing on extensive archival evidence, unpublished personal memoirs, and interviews with former employees, The Joint Arctic Weather Stations analyzes the diplomatic, scientific, social, military, and environmental dimensions of the program alongside each station as a nexus of state planning and personal agency. Contrary to previous scholarship, The Joint Arctic Weather Stations reveals that Canadian officials sought-and achieved-a firm policy that afforded effective control of Canada's Arctic while enjoying the advantages of American contribution to the joint meteorological program. It explores the changing ways science was conducted over time and how the details of everyday life at remote stations, from the climate to leisure activities to debates over alcohol, hunting, and leadership, shaped the program's effectiveness. An exploration of the full duration of the Joint Arctic Weather Stations from high-level planning and diplomacy to personal interactions in the stations makes this book an essential exploration of collaborative polar science in the North American Arctic.

China's Arctic Ambitions and What They Mean for Canada is an in-depth studies of China's increasing interest in the Arctic. It offers a holistic approach to understanding Chinese motivations and the potential impacts of greater Chinese presence in the circumpolar region, exploring resource development, shipping, scientific research, governance, and security.Drawing on extensive research in Chinese government documentation, business and media reports, and current academic literature, this timely volume eschews the traditional assumption that Chinese actions are unified and monolithic in their approach to Arctic affairs. Instead, it offers a careful analysis of the different, and often competing, interests and priorities of Chinese government and industry. Analyzing Chinese interests and activities from a Canadian perspective, the book provides an unparalleled point of reference to discuss the implications for the Canadian and broader circumpolar North.

This book examines emerging forms of governance in the Arctic region, exploring how different types of state and non-state actors promote and support rules and standards. The authors argue that confining our understandings of Arctic governance to Arctic states and a focus on the Arctic Council as the primary site of circumpolar governance provides an incomplete picture. Instead, they embrace the complexity of governance in the Arctic by systematically analyzing and comparing the position, interventions, and influence of different actor groups seeking to shape Arctic political and economic outcomes in multiple sites of Arctic politics, both formal and informal. This book assesses the potential that sub-national governments, corporations, civil society organizations, Indigenous peoples, and non-Arctic states possess to develop norms and standards to ensure a stable, rule-based Arctic region. It will be of interest to all scholars and students working in the fields of Arctic Sovereignty, Security Studies, Global Governance, and International Political Economy.

This book examines emerging forms of governance in the Arctic region, exploring how different types of state and non-state actors promote and support rules and standards. The authors argue that confining our understandings of Arctic governance to Arctic states and a focus on the Arctic Council as the primary site of circumpolar governance provides an incomplete picture. Instead, they embrace the complexity of governance in the Arctic by systematically analyzing and comparing the position, interventions, and influence of different actor groups seeking to shape Arctic political and economic outcomes in multiple sites of Arctic politics, both formal and informal. This book assesses the potential that sub-national governments, corporations, civil society organizations, Indigenous peoples, and non-Arctic states possess to develop norms and standards to ensure a stable, rule-based Arctic region. It will be of interest to all scholars and students working in the fields of Arctic Sovereignty, Security Studies, Global Governance, and International Political Economy.

Although part of a broader circumpolar world, North America's Arctic and sub-Arctic borders-and the establishment of new boundaries in the wake of significant, and regionally unique, change-are increasingly relevant in the broader, global world. Indeed, the Arctic reality has been dramatically reshaped by new territorial configurations and comprehensive land claims; increasing flows of international investment and trade focused upon resource industries and hydrocarbon extraction; the growing importance and role of sub-national entities, organizations, and Indigenous governments; shifting geopolitical interests; and existential challenges created by climate change and environmental security. This book demonstrates how North America's Arctic borders are being reshaped by globalization even as these borders are adjusting to new internal pressures such as devolution and the rise of sub-national territorial interests.

Globalization, climate change, and increased geopolitical competition are having a profound impact on the Arctic, affecting how we understand both sovereignty and security within the region. In Breaking Through, a diverse group of emerging and established scholars examine Arctic sovereignty and security, rarely examined together, and present a theoretically robust study of Arctic sovereignty and security in both historical and contemporary contexts. Throughout the volume, readers will discover fresh perspectives on under-studied dimensions of Arctic sovereignty, including: environmental changes, foreign and security policies, and how Indigenous peoples interact to produce different meanings of sovereignty and security in the Arctic. Drawing on extensive primary and secondary research, Breaking Through offers important and timely conclusions for policymakers, advocates, scholars, and students.

The Joint Arctic Weather Stations were five meteorological and scientific monitoring stations constructed at Resolute, Eureka, Mould Bay, Isachsen, and Alert with the cooperation of the Canadian Department of Transport's meteorological branch and the United States Weather Bureau. From 1947 to the early 1970s as few as four Canadians and four Americans worked and lived at each of the four satellite stations, observing and collecting scientific data.This is the first systematic account of the Joint Arctic Weather Stations, a project that profoundly shaped state activates and scientific inquiry in the Arctic Archipelago. Drawing on extensive archival evidence, unpublished personal memoirs, and interviews with former employees, The Joint Arctic Weather Stations analyzes the diplomatic, scientific, social, military, and environmental dimensions of the program alongside each station as a nexus of state planning and personal agency. Contrary to previous scholarship, The Joint Arctic Weather Stations reveals that Canadian officials sought-and achieved-a firm policy that afforded effective control of Canada's Arctic while enjoying the advantages of American contribution to the joint meteorological program. It explores the changing ways science was conducted over time and how the details of everyday life at remote stations, from the climate to leisure activities to debates over alcohol, hunting, and leadership, shaped the program's effectiveness. An exploration of the full duration of the Joint Arctic Weather Stations from high-level planning and diplomacy to personal interactions in the stations makes this book an essential exploration of collaborative polar science in the North American Arctic.

People, Politics, and Purpose brings the historian’s myriad tools to bear on Canadians, from prime ministers to lumberjacks to Indigenous leaders. Drawing on the rich details of biography – the what – the contributors also address the larger questions – the so what – that drive history. These stories are not simply about the lives of individuals but critical reflections on subjects who are directly involved in, and affected by, politics. By illuminating the roles of historical actors, this lively collection offers insights into Canada’s place in the world and stimulates fresh thinking about political history.

Roots of Entanglement offers an historical exploration of the relationships between Indigenous peoples and European newcomers in the territory that would become Canada. Various engagements between Indigenous peoples and the state are emphasized and questions are raised about the ways in which the past has been perceived and how those perceptions have shaped identity and, in turn, interaction both past and present. Specific topics such as land, resources, treaties, laws, policies, and cultural politics are explored through a range of perspectives that reflect state-of-the-art research in the field of Indigenous history. Editors Myra Rutherdale, Whitney Lackenbauer, and Kerry Abel have assembled an array of top scholars including luminaries such as Keith Carlson, Bill Waiser, Skip Ray, and Ken Coates. Roots of Entanglement is a direct response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's call for a better appreciation of the complexities of history in the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada.

In Two Years Below the Horn, engineer Andrew Taylor vividly recounts his experiences and accomplishments during Operation Tabarin, a landmark British expedition to Antarctica to establish sovereignty and conduct science during the Second World War. When mental strain led the operation's first commander to resign, Taylor- a military engineer with extensive prewar surveying experience-became the first and only Canadian to lead an Antarctic expedition. As Commander of the operation, Taylor oversaw construction of the first permanent base on the Antarctic continent at Hope Bay. From there, he led four-man teams on two epic sledging journeys around James Ross Island, overcoming arduous conditions and correcting cartographic mistakes made by previous explorers. The editors' detailed afterword draws on Taylor's extensive personal papers to highlight Taylor's achievements and document his significant contributions to polar science.This book will appeal to readers interested in history of polar exploration, science and sovereignty. It also sheds light on the little-known contribution of a Canadian to a distant theatre of the Second World War. The wartime service of Major Taylor reveals important new details about a groundbreaking operation that laid the foundation for the British Antarctic Survey and marked a critical moment in the transition from the heroic to the modern scientific era in polar exploration.

People, Politics, and Purpose brings the historian's myriad tools to bear on Canadians, from prime ministers to lumberjacks to Indigenous leaders. Drawing on the rich details of biography - the what - the contributors also address the larger questions - the so what - that drive history. These stories are not simply about the lives of individuals but critical reflections on subjects who are directly involved in, and affected by, politics. By illuminating the roles of historical actors, this lively collection offers insights into Canada's place in the world and stimulates fresh thinking about political history.

The Canadian Rangers stand sentinel in the farthest reaches of our
country. For six decades, this dedicated group of citizen-soldiers has
quietly served as Canada's eyes, ears, and voice in isolated
coastal and northern communities.
How does this minimally trained and lightly equipped force make a
meaningful contribution to national defence and to sustainable
communities? One of Canada's leading experts on northern issues
answers this question using official records, extensive interviews, and
on-the-ground participation in Ranger exercises from coast to coast to
coast. Lackenbauer reveals how the Rangers have evolved into a
flexible, inexpensive, and culturally inclusive way for Canada to
"show the flag." The Rangers offer living proof that
military activities designed to assert sovereignty need not cause
insecurity for residents of remote regions. Local knowledge,
stewardship, and national security prove compatible and mutually
reinforcing.
"The Canadian Rangers" also tells the untold story of a
successful partnership that has developed between the Canadian Forces
and Aboriginal peoples, a partnership rooted in traditional knowledge
and skills and characterized by acceptance and crosscultural
understanding.P. Whitney Lackenbauer is an associate professor and chair of
the Department of History at St. Jerome's University,
and the author of numerous books, including "Battle Grounds: The
Canadian Military and Aboriginal Lands" (2007), and co-author of
"Arctic Front: Defending Canadian Interests in the Far North, "
which won the Donner Prize in 2009.

July 1st 1867 is celebrated as Canada's Confederation - the date that Canada became a country. But 1867 was only the beginning. As the country grew from a small dominion to a vast federation encompassing ten provinces, three territories, and hundreds of First Nations, its leaders repeatedly debated Canada's purpose, and the benefits and drawbacks of the choice to be Canadian. Reconsidering Confederation brings together Canada's leading historians to explore how the provinces, territories, and Treaty areas became the political frameworks we know today. In partnership with The Confederation Debates, an ongoing crowdsourced, non-partisan, and non-profit initiative to digitize all of Canada's founding colonial and federal records, this book breaks new ground by integrating the treaties between Indigenous peoples and the Crown into our understanding of Confederation. Rigorously researched and eminently readable, this book traces the unique paths that each province and territory took on their journey to Confederation. It shows the roots of regional and cultural grievances, as vital and controversial in early debates as they are today. Reconsidering Confederation tells the sometimes rocky, complex, and ongoing story of how Canada has become Canada.

China's Arctic Ambitions and What They Mean for Canada is an in-depth studies of China's increasing interest in the Arctic. It offers a holistic approach to understanding Chinese motivations and the potential impacts of greater Chinese presence in the circumpolar region, exploring resource development, shipping, scientific research, governance, and security. Drawing on extensive research in Chinese government documentation, business and media reports, and current academic literature, this timely volume eschews the traditional assumption that Chinese actions are unified and monolithic in their approach to Arctic affairs. Instead, it offers a careful analysis of the different, and often competing, interests and priorities of Chinese government and industry. Analyzing Chinese interests and activities from a Canadian perspective, the book provides an unparalleled point of reference to discuss the implications for the Canadian and broader circumpolar North.

Gordon W. Smith, PhD, dedicated much of his life to researching Canada's sovereignty in the Arctic. His 1952 dissertation from Columbia University on ""The Historical and Legal Background of Canada's Arctic Claims"" remains a foundational work on the topic, as does his 1966 chapter ""Sovereignty in the North: The Canadian Aspect of an International Problem"" in R. St. J. Macdonald's The Arctic Frontier.A Historical and Legal Study of Sovereignty in the Canadian North is the first in a project to edit and publish Smith's unpublished work, a manuscript on sovereignty and related Law of the Sea issues. Researched and written over three decades, this comprehensive and thoroughly documented study offers important insights into evolving understandings of Canada's sovereignty from the original transfers of the northern territories to the young dominion through the start of the Second World War. With Arctic issues once again at the forefront of public debate, this invaluable resource, available to researchers outside of government for the first time, explains how Canada laid the historical and legal foundations to support its longstanding, well-established sovereignty over Arctic lands.

Plusieurs croient que le 1er juillet 1867 represente la date de la Confederation canadienne, le jour de la creation du nouveau pays. Mais le processus ne faisait que s'amorcer en 1867. Du petit dominion aux frontiAres restreintes, le pays est devenu une federation beaucoup plus grande, avec dix provinces, trois territoires, et des centaines de communautes autochtones. Les politiciens ont longtemps debattu le concept de pays; ils ont bien pese les avantages et les inconvenients d'une adhesion A la Confederation canadienne. La Confederation, 1864-1999 regroupe plusieurs historiens influents du Canada qui etudient comment les provinces, les territoires, ainsi que les regions sujettes aux Traites ont pris leurs formes actuelles. En partenariat avec Les Debats de la Confederation, un projet de production participative non-partisan et sans but lucratif visant A numeriser les documents fondateurs du Canada, ce livre innove; il integre les traites entre les peuples autochtones et la Couronne pour mettre en lumiere la creation et l'expansion de la Confederation canadienne. Ce faisant, le livre revele l'histoire tumultueuse, complexe et evolutive de chaque province et territoire.