Liver cirrhosis is a major clinical problem worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality from its complications, such as liver cell insufficiency with coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension with ascites and gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome, HCC development and others. This volume, the proceedings of Falk Symposium 115 held in Basel, Switzerland, October 22-24, 1999 (Part II of the Basel Liver Week 1999; XI International Congress of Liver Diseases) covers our present knowledge of the aetiologies and early stages of liver cirrhosis development. Based on this information, strategies are discussed that are aimed at the prevention, early diagnosis and therapy of chronic liver diseases, thus preventing their progression to cirrhosis and its complications, including HCC development. The main topics mentioned above are complemented by three state-of-the-art chapters on modern aspects of medicine in general and hepatology in particular as well as their perspectives beyond the year 2000: `Molecular Medicine', `New Hepatitis Viruses' and `Genetic Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Therapy'. Introductory chapters focusing on the more basic aspects of the biology of live cells as well as on the mechanisms underlying fibrogenesis, cholestasis and inflammation will be followed by a detailed discussion of the clinically most important causes of liver cirrhosis worldwide: hepatitis viruses B, C and D; toxins (alcohol, drugs and others) as well as metabolic liver diseases (haemochromatosis, Wilson disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda and protoporphyria). This book, therefore, will interest clinically oriented basic scientists as well as those in clinical practice, givng an update on many aspects of modern hepatology and its perspectives in the next millennium.

Project managers in drug development are the driving force behind the coordination of efforts. This book provides a practical reference for project managers in the pharmaceutical and biotech drug development industry, with the goal of assisting in creating an efficient and effective team structure and environment. The text details the role of project managers at each stage of drug development, the key interfaces that the PM will need to work closely with, and essential tools of the trade including frequently used techniques and methodologies. This book is useful for both entry-level and advanced-level PMs, as well as non-project managers from other functions. Features Includes authors' recent experience with improved tactics and technologies/software at various stages of drug development. Provides the most up-to-date and best practices, techniques, and methodologies in project management. Details the role of the PM at each stage of drug development, including working with the key interfaces throughout the process. Diverse audience including nonproject managers in clinical development, clinical operations, regulatory affairs, medical affairs, clinical pharmacology, and biostatistics. Provides templates and timelines for critical paths from development to commercialization and has potential as a textbook on relevant courses.

The advent of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology has profoundly changed contemporary medicine. These new scientific tools have made it possible to identify and understand pathological mechanisms at cellular, subcellular and molecular levels which has added previously unimaginable novel dimensions to the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of a rapidly increasing number of diseases of the liver and biliary system. The title of this book - Acute and Chronic Liver Diseases: Molecular Biology and Clinics - expresses this epochal progress in hepatology. A series of acute or chronic diseases of the liver has been chosen whose modern clinical management most eloquently reflects the impact of the new scientific insight gained from molecular biology. The book, the proceedings of the 87th Falk Symposium (X International Congress of Liver Diseases: Part II of the Basel Liver Week 1995) held in Basel, Switzerland, October 19-21, 1995, first presents an overview of the molecular pathology of the chosen disease, followed by discussions of the clinical inference which this new scientific information entails for diagnosis, management and therapy. This approach is expected to ease the readers' endeavour to connect basic to clinical science and to facilitate appreciation of the enormous progress but also the inherent limitations and arising questions which modern molecular biology has brought to clinical medicine.

Our daily lives, our culture and our politics are now shaped by the digital condition as large numbers of people involve themselves in contentious negotiations of meaning in ever more dimensions of life, from the trivial to the profound. They are making use of the capacities of complex communication infrastructures, currently dominated by social mass media such as Twitter and Facebook, on which they have come to depend. Amidst a confusing plurality, Felix Stalder argues that are three key constituents of this condition: the use of existing cultural materials for one s own production, the way in which new meaning is established as a collective endeavour, and the underlying role of algorithms and automated decision-making processes that reduce and give shape to massive volumes of data. These three characteristics define what Stalder calls the digital condition . Stalder also examines the profound political implications of this new culture. We stand at a crossroads between post-democracy and the commons, a concentration of power among the few or a genuine widening of participation, with the digital condition offering the potential for starkly different outcomes. This ambitious and wide-ranging theory of our contemporary digital condition will be of great interest to students and scholars in media and communications, cultural studies, and social, political and cultural theory, as well as to a wider readership interested in the ways in which culture and politics are changing today.

Rund um das Urheberrecht ist eine schrille, unversohnliche Debatte entbrannt. Bereits an den einfachsten Fragen scheiden sich die Geister: muss es abgeschafft, grundsatzlich uberarbeitet, oder einfach nur in seiner aktuellen Form gestarkt werden? Die Emotionalitat und Breite der Debatte sind weder wirtschaftlich noch rechtsdogmatisch begrundet, sondern primar ideologisch. Es geht um Grundsatzliches. Das Urheberrecht reguliert nicht nur einige Branchen, sondern es reprasentiert eine ganze kulturelle Epoche, die Gutenberg Galaxis. Dabei geht es um eine umfassende, historisch gewachsene kulturelle Landschaft, eine spezifische Subjektivitat, kulturelle Identitaten und ein ausdifferenziertes Set an Institutionen, deren Zweck nur in diesem Kontext sinnhaft wird. Mit der Situation der Transformation der kulturellen Landschaft, fokussiert auf die Konzeption des Autors und die Konstruktion des Urheberrechts, setzt sich das vorliegende Buch auseinander. Es versammelt kulturwissenschaftliche Aufsatze, die in den letzten acht Jahren in einer Vielzahl von Kontexten erschienen sind, und ordnet sie in drei thematische Linien, entlang derer sich einige der zentralen Bruche, die das Ende der Gutenberg Galaxis ausmachen, erkunden lassen.Die erste Linie quert die Kultur der Netzwerkgesellschaft, entlang der zweiten Linie werden diese Veranderungen direkt in Bezug zum Urheberrecht und der Konzeption von Autorschaft gebracht und die dritte Linie folgt den Konturen einer moglichen neuen Ordnung der kulturellen Landschaft, den Commons. Felix Stalder ist Professor fur Digitale Kultur und Theorien der Vernetzung an der Zurcher Hochschule der Kunste, Vorstandsmitglied des World Information Institute (Wien) und langjahriger Moderator der Mailingliste nettime. Er forscht u.a. zu Freier Kultur, Formen der Kooperation, Privatsphare und Suchtechnologien. felix.openflows.com

The macro disequilibrium model for Switzerland presented in this study grew out of a research project which was generously financed by Swiss Natio- nal Science Foundation. I am indebted to Prof. Hans Wtirgler and Prof. Heidi Schelbert for encouraging and supporting this work in many ways. The present book is the revised version of a paper that was accepted as a "Habilitations- schrift" by the University of ZUrich. Part of the research leading to this book was done during a stay at Princeton University, where I benefited from a stimulating environment, the gratuitous use of facilities and the helpful advise of Richard E. Quandt. Earlier disequilibrium studies for Switzerland were discussed in various seminars (Princeton, Universite de Montreal, C.O.R.E., 1988 Conference on European Unemployment in Chelwood Gate, 2nd Conference on Disequilibrium Econometrics at INSEE, 1989 European Spring Meeting on Macroeconomics in Paris) and published in the 'European Economic Review' and 'Recherches Eco- nomiques de Louvain'. Numerous people - including A.S. Blinder, L. Salvas- Bronsard, J.H. Dreze, S.M. Goldfeld, C. Gourieroux, P. Kooiman, J.P. Lambert, G. Laroque, H.S. Rosen, H.R. Sneessens" J. Waelbroeck and anonymous referees of the two journals - provided constructive comments on these earlier papers. Their suggestions - as well as the critical remarks by a referee of Springer 'Lecture Notes' - are partly reflected in the present book.

Our daily lives, our culture and our politics are now shaped by the digital condition as large numbers of people involve themselves in contentious negotiations of meaning in ever more dimensions of life, from the trivial to the profound. They are making use of the capacities of complex communication infrastructures, currently dominated by social mass media such as Twitter and Facebook, on which they have come to depend. Amidst a confusing plurality, Felix Stalder argues that are three key constituents of this condition: the use of existing cultural materials for one s own production, the way in which new meaning is established as a collective endeavour, and the underlying role of algorithms and automated decision-making processes that reduce and give shape to massive volumes of data. These three characteristics define what Stalder calls the digital condition . Stalder also examines the profound political implications of this new culture. We stand at a crossroads between post-democracy and the commons, a concentration of power among the few or a genuine widening of participation, with the digital condition offering the potential for starkly different outcomes. This ambitious and wide-ranging theory of our contemporary digital condition will be of great interest to students and scholars in media and communications, cultural studies, and social, political and cultural theory, as well as to a wider readership interested in the ways in which culture and politics are changing today.

Das Buch prasentiert zwei sehr unterschiedliche Textformate: eine Forschungsarbeit von 1974 zur "Patriotischen Gesellschaft in Bern", die jetzt erstmalig gedruckt vorliegt, und eine vorlaufige Dokumentation zum Anteil des Basler Ratsherrn Isaak Iselin (1728-1782) an der europaischen Geschichtsphilosophie. Iselin war Grundungsmitglied der Berner Gesellschaft und Autor der ersten deutschsprachigen Geschichtsphilosophie. Die gegenseitige Bezugnahme der beiden Studien zum "Ursprung" des geschichtsphilosophischen Denkens und dem simultanen Beginn der Patriotischen Gesellschaften am Beispiel der Berner zeigt vor allem eins: Sie macht den Anspruch jener Aufklarer plausibel, die theoretische Entwurfe mit der soziooekonomischen Praxis im Bestreben um politische Reformen verbunden wissen wollten.

What do a feminist server, an art space located in a public park in North London, a so-called pirate library of high cultural value yet dubious legal status, and an art school that emphasizes collectivity have in common? They all demonstrate that art plays an important role in imagining and producing a real quite different from what is currently hegemonic, and that art has the possibility to not only envision or proclaim ideas in theory, but also to realize them materially. Aesthetics of the Commons examines a series of artistic and cultural projects-drawn from what can loosely be called the (post)digital-that take up this challenge in different ways. What unites them, however, is that they all have a double character. They are art in the sense that they place themselves in relation to (Western) cultural and art systems, developing discursive and aesthetic positions, but, at the same time, they are operational in that they create recursive environments and freely available resources whose uses exceed these systems. The first aspect raises questions about the kind of aesthetics that are being embodied, the second creates a relation to the larger concept of the commons. In Aesthetics of the Commons, the commons are understood not as a fixed set of principles that need to be adhered to in order to fit a definition, but instead as a thinking tool-in other words, the book's interest lies in what can be made visible by applying the framework of the commons as a heuristic device.

Vorliegende Untersuchung kann verdeutlichen, dass sich die betrachteten Untergruppen (soziale Schicht, Migrationshintergrund, Geschlecht) hinsichtlich der Wirkstrukturen zur Erklarung der Lesekompetenz unterscheiden. Obwohl die Steigerung der bekannten Faktoren - wie beispielsweise der Lesemotivation - allen Schulerinnen und Schulern zugutekommt, zeichnen sich dennoch deutliche Unterschiede oder unterschiedliche Gewichtungen im Hinblick auf die Forderung der Lesekompetenz ab. Die Studie zeigt, dass die wohlgemeinte Aufforderung zum Lesen nicht nur der Motivation und dem Aufbau eines lesebezogenen Selbstkonzeptes entgegenwirkt, sondern insbesondere bei Jugendlichen aus einem sozial schwachen Milieu direkt den Aufbau der Lesekompetenz vermindert.

For the past three decades, Manuel Castells has been at the forefront of debates about contemporary social transformations. From his seminal book on urban change in the early 1970s to his more recent work on globalization, Castells has been widely read by all those striving to understand our increasingly interconnected world. Above all, it is his highly acclaimed trilogy, The Information Age, which constitutes the single most comprehensive attempt to integrate a vast range of subjects into a coherent theory of the present-day. It has earned him favourable comparisons to Marx and Weber. This book provides the first in-depth study of Castellsrsquo; entire body of work. Focusing on Castellsrsquo; theory of the network society, the book explores his core thesis - that a shift has occurred from hierarchies to networks as the dominant organizing principle of society - through his analysis of informational capitalism, social movements, and the crisis of democracy. Special emphasis is given to the theory of the lsquo; space of flowsrsquo; which Castells argues forms the material foundation of the new society. In this way, the book serves as both an introduction to Castellsrsquo; wide-ranging theories, and an original critique which contributes to ongoing debates in the field.

Die zukunftige Entwicklung der Stadte muss der Drohung eines Energiemangels ebenso Rechnung tragen wie wachsenden Mobilitatsanspruchen, steigenden Treibhausgasemissionen und grassierendem Flachenverbrauch. Und sie muss zugleich auch die Vertraglichkeit ressourcenschonender Bebauungs- und Siedlungsstrukturen, Wohnformen und Technologien mit den Werten, Bereitschaften und Kapazitaten in verschiedene Bevoelkerungsteilen sicherstellen. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Untersuchung stehen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen drei besonderen Ressourcen. Energetische, raumliche und soziale Ressourcen werden in sieben Grazer Stadtgebieten exemplarisch darauf hin untersucht, welche Faktoren ihre schonende Nutzung beeinflussen koennen. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse sind in transdisziplinarer Zusammenarbeit gewonnen worden.