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Jesus Among Giants: Religious Biographies in Comparative Context
compares and contrasts Jesus to Mahavira, Buddha, Krishna,
Confucius, Laozi, Moses, and Muhammad in terms of their missions
and messages. These foundational religious figures are introduced
in their particular socio-political context-on their own terms, in
their own words, within the canons of their respective sacred
scriptural traditions. Each chapter features the biography of a
foundational religious figure, their teachings, a comparative
analysis, and a suggestion about what Christians might learn from
other foundational religious characters. Jesus Among Giants offers
a new approach to comparative religion as a confrontational
conference of conflicting claims in search of uncommon insights
into truth. This book observes striking similarities and discerns
distinguishing differences but does not harmonize or hierarchize
competing visions into a single coherent version of truth. Rather,
it exposes and respects differences for the sake of determining the
unique identity of each religious figure featured. There is no
avoiding controversy and conflict among the foundational figures of
the world's religions. Religious identities are forged in the face
of differences. To adequately appreciate any one spiritual giant
requires understanding them all. To know who Jesus is means knowing
who he isn't. Readers are invited to face the facts and fictions,
myths and messages, and claims and counter-claims that clearly
distinguish Jesus among giants.
Sanskrit Debate: Vasubandhu's 'Vimsatika' versus Kumarila's
'Niralambanavada' illustrates the rules and regulations of
classical Indian debate literature (pramanasastra) by introducing
new translations of two Sanskrit texts composed in antithesis to
each other's tradition of thought and practice. In the third
century CE, Vasubandhu, a Buddhist philosopher-monk, proposed that
the entire world of lived experience is a matter of mind only
through his Vimsatika (Twenty Verses). In the seventh century CE,
Kumarila, a Hindu philosopher-priest, composed Niralambanavada
(Non-Sensory Limit Debate) to establish the objective reality of
objects by refuting Vasubandhu's claim that objects experienced in
waking life are not different from objects experienced in dreams.
Kumarila rigorously employs formal rules and regulations of Indian
logic and debate to demonstrate that Vasubandhu's assertion is
totally irrational and incoherent. Vimsatika ranks among the
world's most misunderstood texts but Kumarila's historic refutation
allows Vimsatika to be read in its own text-historical context.
This compelling, radically revolutionary re-reading of Vimsatika
delineates a hermeneutic of humor indispensable to discerning its
medicinal message. In Vimsatika, Vasubandhu employs the form of
professional Sanskrit logic and debate as a guise and a ruse to
ridicule the entire enterprise of Indian philosophy. Vasubandhu
critiques all Indian theories of epistemology and ontology and
claims that both how we know and what we know are acts of the
imagination.
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