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Approximately 80% of the U.S. population now lives in urban
metropolitan areas, and this number is expected to grow
significantly in the coming years. At the same time, the built
infrastructure sustaining these populations has become increasingly
vulnerable to climate change. Stresses to existing systems, such as
buildings, energy, transportation, water, and sanitation are
growing. If the status quo continues, these systems will be unable
to support a high quality of life for urban residents over the next
decades, a vulnerability exacerbated by climate change impacts.
Understanding this dilemma and identifying a path forward is
particularly important as cities are becoming leading agents of
climate action. Prepared as a follow-up to the Fourth National
Climate Assessment (NCA), Climate Change and U.S. Cities documents
the current understanding of existing and future climate risk for
U.S. cities, urban systems, and the residents that depend on them.
Beginning with an examination of the existing science since 2012,
chapters develop connections between existing and emerging climate
risk, adaptation planning, and the role of networks and
organizations in facilitating climate action in cities. From
studies revealing disaster vulnerability among low-income
populations to the development of key indicators for tracking
climate change, this is an essential, foundational analysis.
Importantly, the assessment puts a critical emphasis on the
cross-cutting factors of economics, equity, and governance. Urban
stakeholders and decision makers will come away with a full picture
of existing climate risks and a set of conclusions and
recommendations for action. Many cities in the United States still
have not yet planned for climate change and the costs of inaction
are great. With bold analysis, Climate Change and U.S. Cities
reveals the need for action and the tools that cities must harness
to effect decisive, meaningful change.
Given the realities of climate change and sea level rise, coastal
cities around the world are struggling with questions of
resilience. Resilience, at its core, is about desirable states of
the urban social-ecological system and understanding how to sustain
those states in an uncertain and tumultuous future. How do physical
conditions ecological processes, social objectives, human politics,
and history shape the prospects for resilience? Most books set out
"the answer." This book sets out a process of grappling with
holistic resilience from multiple perspectives, drawing on the
insights and experiences of more than fifty Scholars and
practitioners working together to make Jamaica Bay in New York-City
an example for the world. Prospects for Resilience establishes a
framework for understanding resilience practice in urban
watersheds. Using Jamaica Bay, the largest contiguous natural area
in New York, home to millions of New Yorkers, and a hub of global
air travel with John F.Kennedy International Airport, the authors
demonstrate how various components of social ecological systems
interact, ranging from climatic factors to plant populations to
human demographics. They also highlight essential tools for
creating resilient Watersheds, including monitoring and identifying
system indicators; computer modelling; green infrastructure; and
decision science methods. Finally, they look at the role and
importance of a "boundary organisation" like the new Science and
Resilience Institute at Jamaica Bay in coordinating and
facilitating resilience work, and consider significant research
questions and prospects for the future-of urban watersheds.
Prospects for Resilience sets forth an essential foundation of
information and advice for researchers, urban planners, students
and others who need to create more resilient cities that work with,
not against, nature.
The Urban Climate Change Research Network's Second Assessment
Report on Climate Change in Cities (ARC3.2) is the second in a
series of global, science-based reports to examine climate risk,
adaptation, and mitigation efforts in cities. The book explicitly
seeks to explore the implications of changing climatic conditions
on critical urban physical and social infrastructure sectors and
intersectoral concerns. The primary purpose of ARC3.2 is to inform
the development and implementation of effective urban climate
change policies, leveraging ongoing and planned investments for
populations in cities of developing, emerging, and developed
countries. This volume, like its predecessor, will be invaluable
for a range of audiences involved with climate change and cities:
mayors, city officials and policymakers; urban planners;
policymakers charged with developing climate change mitigation and
adaptation programs; and a broad spectrum of researchers and
advanced students in the environmental sciences.
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