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In 2003, consumption of IT goods worldwide was $1.5 trillion. Asia
represented twenty percent of this total. Even more telling, Asia
produced about forty percent of these goods. The continued rise of
Asian IT innovation will pose a challenge to the eminence of
traditional IT centers, notably Silicon Valley. Making IT examines
the causes as well as the major consequences of the dramatic rise
of Asia in this industry. The book systematically analyzes each
country's policies and results, on both a national level and, more
importantly, in the innovation regions that have developed in each
country: Japan's excellence in technology and manufacturing skills;
Bangalore, India's late start and sudden explosion; Taiwan's
Hsinchu Science-based Park's entrepreneurship and steady growth;
Korea's Teheren Valley's impressive development of large companies;
Singapore's initial reliance on multinational firms and its more
recent switch to a home-developed strategy; and China's
Zhongguancun Science Park's encouragement of investment from
foreign firms while also promoting a domestic IT industry. The book
outlines the difficulties in the IT industry, including Japan's
tendency to keep out most foreign firms and China's poor protection
of intellectual property. Developed by the team that brought
readers The Silicon Valley Edge, Making IT analyzes why this region
has an advantage in this industry, the similarities and differences
in the countries' strategies, why companies have clustered in
specific localities, and most important, what will be changing in
the coming years. Making IT should leave no doubt that the United
States and other countries competing in the global economy will
face enormous challenges-and opportunities-responding to the rise
of an innovative Asia.
The enormous and sustained success of Silicon Valley has excited
interest around the globe. Startup companies the world over are
attempting to emulate its high tech businesses, and many
governments are changing their institutions in order to foster
Silicon Valleys of their own. What accounts for the Valley's
leading edge in innovation and entrepreneurship?
This book gives an answer by insiders, by prominent business
leaders and academics from the heart of the Valley. They argue that
what distinguishes the Valley is not its scientific advances or
technological breakthroughs. Instead, its edge derives from a
"habitat" or environment that is tuned to turn ideas into products
and take them rapidly to market by creating new firms.
This habitat includes supportive government regulations for new
firm formation, leading research universities that interact with
industry, an exceptionally talented and highly mobile work force,
and experienced support services in such areas as finance, law,
accounting, headhunting, and marketing, all specializing in helping
new companies form and grow. Not least is a spirit of adventure and
a willingness to take risks.
The elements of this habitat are packed into a small geographic
area. In it, networks of specialists form communities of practice
within which ideas develop and circulate and from which new
products and new firms emerge. Feedback processes are strongly at
work: the successes of Valley firms strengthen the habitat, and the
stronger it becomes, the more new, successful firms are created.
Among industries, electronics came into the Valley first, followed
by semiconductors, computers, software, and, in the 1990s,
biotechnology, networking, and the Internet. This extraordinary
ability to keep adding new industrial sectors itself affects the
prospect for the Silicon Valley's future. What lies ahead? From
within, the Valley faces serious challenges in defining a new
generation of entrepreneurs, addressing a growing digital divide,
and maintaining quality of life. At the same time, the Valley must
redefine its global role with respect to other rising innovative
regions worldwide. Nevertheless, the proven ability of its highly
effective habitat suggests that in both innovation and
entrepreneurship, Silicon Valley will maintain its edge.
In 2003, consumption of IT goods worldwide was $1.5 trillion. Asia
represented twenty percent of this total. Even more telling, Asia
produced about forty percent of these goods. The continued rise of
Asian IT innovation will pose a challenge to the eminence of
traditional IT centers, notably Silicon Valley. Making IT examines
the causes as well as the major consequences of the dramatic rise
of Asia in this industry. The book systematically analyzes each
country's policies and results, on both a national level and, more
importantly, in the innovation regions that have developed in each
country: Japan's excellence in technology and manufacturing skills;
Bangalore, India's late start and sudden explosion; Taiwan's
Hsinchu Science-based Park's entrepreneurship and steady growth;
Korea's Teheren Valley's impressive development of large companies;
Singapore's initial reliance on multinational firms and its more
recent switch to a home-developed strategy; and China's
Zhongguancun Science Park's encouragement of investment from
foreign firms while also promoting a domestic IT industry. The book
outlines the difficulties in the IT industry, including Japan's
tendency to keep out most foreign firms and China's poor protection
of intellectual property. Developed by the team that brought
readers The Silicon Valley Edge, Making IT analyzes why this region
has an advantage in this industry, the similarities and differences
in the countries' strategies, why companies have clustered in
specific localities, and most important, what will be changing in
the coming years. Making IT should leave no doubt that the United
States and other countries competing in the global economy will
face enormous challenges-and opportunities-responding to the rise
of an innovative Asia.
Stanford University has a deep history in entrepreneurship and
technological innovation. For more than a century, the university
has incubated ideas, educated entrepreneurs and fostered
breakthrough technologies that have been instrumental in the rise
and constant regeneration of Silicon Valley, and, at the same time,
contributed to the broader global economy. This book focuses on
data gathered from a large-scale, systematic survey of Stanford
alumni, faculty, and selected staff in 2011 to assess the
university's economic impact based on its involvement in
entrepreneurship. The report describes Stanford's role in fostering
entrepreneurship, discusses how the Stanford environment encourages
creativity and entrepreneurship, and details best practices for
creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem. The report on the 2011
survey, estimates that 39,900 active companies can trace their
roots to Stanford. If these companies collectively formed an
independent nation, its estimated economy would be the world's 10th
largest. Extrapolating from survey results, those companies have
created an estimated 5.4 million jobs and generate annual world
revenues of $2.7 trillion.
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