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Surface crystallography plays the same fundamental role in surface
science which bulk crystallography has played so successfully in
solid-state physics and chemistry. The atomic-scale structure is
one of the most important aspects in the understanding of the
behavior of surfaces in such widely diverse fields as heterogeneous
catalysis, microelectronics, adhesion, lubrication, cor rosion,
coatings, and solid-solid and solid-liquid interfaces. Low-Energy
Electron Diffraction or LEED has become the prime tech nique used
to determine atomic locations at surfaces. On one hand, LEED has
yielded the most numerous and complete structural results to date
(almost 200 structures), while on the other, LEED has been regarded
as the "technique to beat" by a variety of other surface
crystallographic methods, such as photoemission, SEXAFS, ion
scattering and atomic diffraction. Although these other approaches
have had impressive successes, LEED has remained the most
productive technique and has shown the most versatility of
application: from adsorbed rare gases, to reconstructed surfaces of
sem iconductors and metals, to molecules adsorbed on metals.
However, these statements should not be viewed as excessively
dogmatic since all surface sensitive techniques retain untapped
potentials that will undoubtedly be explored and exploited.
Moreover, surface science remains a multi-technique endeavor. In
particular, LEED never has been and never will be self sufficient.
LEED has evolved considerably and, in fact, has reached a
watershed."
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