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There is arguably no more famous book about the arts of
interpretation and analysis than Sigmund Freud's 1899
Interpretation of Dreams. Though the original edition of just 600
copies took eight years to sell out, it eventually became a classic
text that helped cement Freud's reputation as one of the most
significant intellectual figures of the 19th and 20th centuries. In
critical thinking, just as in Freud's psychoanalytical theories,
interpretation is all about understanding the meaning of evidence,
and tracing the significance of things. Analysis can then be
brought in to tease out the implicit reasons and assumptions that
lie underneath the interpreted evidence. Interpretation of Dreams
is a masterclass in building telling analyses from ingenious
interpretation of evidence. Freud worked from the assumption that
all dreams were significant attempts by the unconscious to resolve
conflicts. As a result, he argued, they contain in altered and
disguised forms clues to our deepest unconscious urges and desires.
Each must be taken on its own terms to tease out what they really
mean. Though Freud's theories have often been criticized, he
remains the undisputed master of interpretation - with his critics
suggesting that he was, if anything, too ingenious for his own
good.
Stanley Milgram is one of the most influential and widely-cited social psychologists of the twentieth century. Recognized as perhaps the most creative figure in his field, he is famous for crafting social-psychological experiments with an almost artistic sense of creative imagination – casting new light on social phenomena in the process. His 1974 study Obedience to Authority exemplifies creative thinking at its most potent, and controversial. Interested in the degree to which an “authority figure” could encourage people to commit acts against their sense of right and wrong, Milgram tricked volunteers for a “learning experiment” into believing that they were inflicting painful electric shocks on a person in another room. Able to hear convincing sounds of pain and pleas to stop, the volunteers were told by an authority figure – the “scientist” – that they should continue regardless. Contrary to his own predictions, Milgram discovered that, depending on the exact set up, as many as 65% of people would continue right up to the point of “killing” the victim.
The experiment showed, he believed, that ordinary people can, and will, do terrible things under the right circumstances, simply through obedience. As infamous and controversial as it was creatively inspired, the “Milgram experiment” shows just how radically creative thinking can shake our most fundamental assumptions.
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Psychology 2e (Paperback)
Rose M Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D Lovett
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R1,112
Discovery Miles 11 120
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Ships in 9 - 15 working days
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Psychology 2e (Hardcover)
Rose M Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D Lovett
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R2,049
Discovery Miles 20 490
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This advanced textbook on modeling, data analysis and numerical
techniques for marine science has been developed from a course
taught by the authors for many years at the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institute. The first part covers statistics: singular
value decomposition, error propagation, least squares regression,
principal component analysis, time series analysis and objective
interpolation. The second part deals with modeling techniques:
finite differences, stability analysis and optimization. The third
part describes case studies of actual ocean models of ever
increasing dimensionality and complexity, starting with
zero-dimensional models and finishing with three-dimensional
general circulation models. Throughout the book hands-on
computational examples are introduced using the MATLAB programming
language and the principles of scientific visualization are
emphasised. Ideal as a textbook for advanced students of
oceanography on courses in data analysis and numerical modeling,
the book is also an invaluable resource for a broad range of
scientists undertaking modeling in chemical, biological, geological
and physical oceanography.
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