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After decades of stable and seemingly semi-permanent single-party
dominance, Japanese politics have gone through fundamental changes
since the early 1990s. Government ministries have been reorganised,
prime ministerial powers strengthened, and rules for electing the
lower house of parliament overhauled. Furthermore, frequent
formation, merger, splintering and disappearance of new parties
have continued for more than two decades. How do citizens make
sense of politics amidst such rapid shifts? The authors address
this question by focusing on attitudinal and behavioural changes
and continuities with respect to political ideology. They explore
what issues citizens associate with ideological terms, where they
perceive various parties on a conservative-progressive dimension,
and to what extent ideology affects their vote choice. Results of
new surveys are also presented to shed light on distinctions
between different ideological labels and profiles of radical right
supporters. In addition, all topics are discussed with an eye to
identifying divergent patterns between older and younger
generations.
Elections are a fundamental element of democracy, since elected
governments reflect voter preferences. At the same time, it is
inevitable that policies pursued by any government closely resemble
the preferences of some citizens, while alienating others who hold
different views. Previous works have examined how institutional
settings facilitate or hinder policy proximity between citizens and
governments. Building on their findings, the book explores a series
of "so what" questions: how and to what extent does the distance
between individual and government positions affect citizens'
propensity to vote, protest, believe in democracy, and even feel
satisfied with their lives? Using cross-national public opinion
data, this book is an original scholarly research which develops
theoretically grounded hypotheses to test the effect of
citizen-government proximity on three dependent variables. After
introducing the data (both public opinion surveys and country-level
statistics) and the methodology to be used in subsequent chapters,
one chapter each is devoted to how proximity or the absence thereof
affects political participation, satisfaction with democracy, and
happiness. Differences in political attitudes and behavior between
electoral winners and losers, and ideological moderates and
radicals, are also discussed in depth.
Elections are a fundamental element of democracy, since elected
governments reflect voter preferences. At the same time, it is
inevitable that policies pursued by any government closely resemble
the preferences of some citizens, while alienating others who hold
different views. Previous works have examined how institutional
settings facilitate or hinder policy proximity between citizens and
governments. Building on their findings, the book explores a series
of "so what" questions: how and to what extent does the distance
between individual and government positions affect citizens'
propensity to vote, protest, believe in democracy, and even feel
satisfied with their lives? Using cross-national public opinion
data, this book is an original scholarly research which develops
theoretically grounded hypotheses to test the effect of
citizen-government proximity on three dependent variables. After
introducing the data (both public opinion surveys and country-level
statistics) and the methodology to be used in subsequent chapters,
one chapter each is devoted to how proximity or the absence thereof
affects political participation, satisfaction with democracy, and
happiness. Differences in political attitudes and behavior between
electoral winners and losers, and ideological moderates and
radicals, are also discussed in depth.
Oxford Reading Tree Story Sparks is an emotionally-engaging fiction
series that will fire children's imaginations and develop their
comprehension skills. The variety of authors and illustrators
broadens children's reading experience, with something to appeal to
every child. The titles at Oxford Level 1 are wordless and provide
engaging stories through illustration. All the books in the series
are carefully levelled, making it easy to match every reader to the
right book. This pack contains six wordless books, one of each of
the following titles: The Lonely Monster, My New Brother, Rocket
Girl, Hamster Party, The Big, Bad Box and The Last Little Dragon.
Oxford Reading Tree Story Sparks is an emotionally-engaging fiction
series that will fire children's imaginations and develop their
comprehension skills. The variety of authors and illustrators
broadens children's reading experience, with something to appeal to
every child. The titles at Oxford Level 1 are wordless and provide
engaging stories through illustration. All the books in the series
are carefully levelled, making it easy to match every reader to the
right book. This pack contains 36 wordless books, six of each of
the following titles: The Lonely Monster, My New Brother, Rocket
Girl, Hamster Party, The Big, Bad Box and The Last Little Dragon.
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