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This volume is the first dedicated to the comprehensive, in-depth
analysis of constructions with nouns like ‘type’ and
‘sort’. It focuses on type noun constructions in Romance,
Germanic and Slavic languages, integrating the different
descriptive traditions that had been developed for each language
family. As a result, a greater variety of type noun constructions
is revealed than in the hitherto more fragmented literature. But
attention is also drawn to the cross-linguistic similarity of the
new pragmatic meanings, such as ad hoc and approximative
categorization, hedging, focus and filler uses, and the new
grammatical functions in NPs (e.g. phoric uses), clauses (e.g.
adverbial uses) and complex sentences (e.g. quotatives). The volume
offers survey chapters of type noun constructions in each language
family as well as contributions focusing on specific aspects in one
or two languages, such as their grammar, semantics and pragmatics,
diachronic development, discursive and sociolinguistic variety.
These complementary methodologies elucidate the unique
cross-linguistic field of type noun constructions both
descriptively and theoretically. Hence, this volume can also serve
as a model for similar surveys in other functional domains.
Dieses Buch fuhrt Sie in die Welt der Linguistik ein. Anhand des
Deutschen sowie mit Bezugen zu den Sprachen Spanisch, Franzoesisch,
Italienisch und Englisch lernen Sie, wie in der Linguistik
methodisch vorgegangen wird, wie Sprachen lautlich und grammatisch
strukturiert sind, sowie welche Bedeutungsphanomene auftreten. In
weiteren Kapiteln lernen Sie regionale sowie soziale Variationen
einer Sprache kennen, die historische Entwicklung von Sprachen, die
Analyse von Texten sowie die Beziehung zwischen Sprache und
Schrift. UEber ihre Sprache(n) haben Menschen schon immer
nachgedacht. Man versteht die Methodik und Ziele der heutigen
Linguistik besser, wenn die geschichtliche Entwicklung dieser
Disziplin in Grundzugen bekannt ist. Im letzten Kapitel lernen Sie
daher anhand von Biographien ausgewahlter Koryphaen der Linguistik,
welche Entwicklungen die Linguistik gepragt haben. In jedem Kapitel
befinden sich Selbstfragen sowie UEbungsaufgaben, mit denen Sie die
gelernten Inhalte einuben und vertiefen koennen.
Ever since antiquity conceptual hierarchies have been an
indispensable element in western thinking on knowledge structures.
They are also considered to be a central principle in the
organization of lexis. The cognitive salience of the base level
discovered in the last few decades has caused doubts to be raised
about the dominance of logical inclusion relations in everyday
language. With reference to French, Spanish, and lexical data from
other languages, the study demonstrates that there are numerous
linguistic features supporting the view that the structure of
ordinary vocabulary is rooted in the base level rather than in
logical hierarchies.
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