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Originally published in 1991, this study uses the 1983 outbreak of
Giardiasis in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania as a case study to
explore the social costs of waterborne illnesses to a community.
With over 6,000 people affected in that particular case, Economics
and Episodic Disease emphasises the importance of Federal and State
drinking water standards to protect the population from
contamination whilst also commenting how regulations can be applied
to other areas within public health as well as how to appraise the
damage caused to surface water by the release of hazardous
substances. This title will be of interest to students of
Environmental Studies.
Rules in the Making represents an attempt to revolutionize ways of
thinking about regulatory decision-making. The book tries to show
that statistical methodologies can be used to determine what
factors are important in the establishment of government regulation
by developing a mathematical model of the regulatory process and
agency behavior. The model is then tested using a case study of the
Environmental Protection Agency's setting of effluent discharge
standards under the Clean Water Act. Originally published in 1986
Economic models are used to show the extent of the difficulties
involved in monitoring and enforcing pollution control laws on a
continual basis. The authors make several recommendations for
policy change. They also show that high rates of compliance can be
achieved within tight budget constraints.Originally published in
1986
Over the past decades, considerable debate has emerged surrounding
the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to analyze and make
recommendations for environmental and safety regulations. Critics
argue that CBA forces values on unquantifiable factors, that it
does not adequately measure benefits across generations, and that
it is not adaptable in situations of uncertainty. Proponents, on
the other hand, believe that a well-done CBA provides useful,
albeit imperfect, information to policymakers precisely because of
the standard metrics that are applied across the analysis. Largely
absent from the debate have been practical questions about how the
use of CBA could be improved. Relying on the assumption that CBA
will remain an important component in the regulatory process, this
new work from Resources for the Future brings together experts
representing both sides of the debate to analyze the use of CBA in
three key case studies: the Clean Air Interstate Rule, the Clean
Air Mercury Rule, and the Cooling Water Intake Structure Rule
(Phase II). Each of the case studies is accompanied by critiques
from both an opponent and a proponent of CBA and includes
consideration of complementary analyses that could have been
employed. The work's editors - two CBA supporters and one critic -
conclude the report by offering concrete recommendations for
improving the use of CBA, focusing on five areas: technical quality
of the analyses, relevance to the agency decision-making process,
transparency of the analyses, treatment of new scientific findings,
and balance in both the analyses and associated processes,
including the treatment of distributional consequences.
Over the past decades, considerable debate has emerged surrounding
the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to analyze and make
recommendations for environmental and safety regulations. Critics
argue that CBA forces values on unquantifiable factors, that it
does not adequately measure benefits across generations, and that
it is not adaptable in situations of uncertainty. Proponents, on
the other hand, believe that a well-done CBA provides useful,
albeit imperfect, information to policymakers precisely because of
the standard metrics that are applied across the analysis. Largely
absent from the debate have been practical questions about how the
use of CBA could be improved. Relying on the assumption that CBA
will remain an important component in the regulatory process, this
new work from Resources for the Future brings together experts
representing both sides of the debate to analyze the use of CBA in
three key case studies: the Clean Air Interstate Rule, the Clean
Air Mercury Rule, and the Cooling Water Intake Structure Rule
(Phase II). Each of the case studies is accompanied by critiques
from both an opponent and a proponent of CBA and includes
consideration of complementary analyses that could have been
employed. The work's editors - two CBA supporters and one critic -
conclude the report by offering concrete recommendations for
improving the use of CBA, focusing on five areas: technical quality
of the analyses, relevance to the agency decision-making process,
transparency of the analyses, treatment of new scientific findings,
and balance in both the analyses and associated processes,
including the treatment of distributional consequences.
Originally published in 1991, this study uses the 1983 outbreak of
Giardiasis in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania as a case study to
explore the social costs of waterborne illnesses to a community.
With over 6,000 people affected in that particular case, Economics
and Episodic Disease emphasises the importance of Federal and State
drinking water standards to protect the population from
contamination whilst also commenting how regulations can be applied
to other areas within public health as well as how to appraise the
damage caused to surface water by the release of hazardous
substances. This title will be of interest to students of
Environmental Studies.
In the wake of the Clean Air Amendments of 1970 in the United
States, sources of emissions could be held accountable for the
degradation of air quality in the local environment. This case
study of air quality management in New Mexico was produced to shed
some light on the procedures and activities used by agencies in
order to control air quality. Originally published in 1981, Winston
Harrington uses New Mexico as a case study for its largely
centralised control system in Santa Fe to explore the behaviour of
air quality agencies and pollution sources and comments on policy
implications from this study's conclusions. This title will be of
interest to students of environmental studies and policy makers.
In the wake of the Clean Air Amendments of 1970 in the United
States, sources of emissions could be held accountable for the
degradation of air quality in the local environment. This case
study of air quality management in New Mexico was produced to shed
some light on the procedures and activities used by agencies in
order to control air quality. Originally published in 1981, Winston
Harrington uses New Mexico as a case study for its largely
centralised control system in Santa Fe to explore the behaviour of
air quality agencies and pollution sources and comments on policy
implications from this study's conclusions. This title will be of
interest to students of environmental studies and policy makers.
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