Edward Gibbon's allegation at the beginning of his Essay on the Study of Literature (1764) that the history of empires is that of the miseries of humankind whereas the history of the sciences is that of their splendour and happiness has for a long time been accepted by professional scientists and by historians of science alike. For its practitioner, the history of a discipline displayed above all the always difficult but fmally rewarding approach to a truth which was incorporated in the discipline in its actual fonn. Looking back, it was only too easy to distinguish those who erred and heretics in the field from the few forerunners of true science. On the one hand, the traditional history of science was told as a story of hero and hero worship, on the other hand it was, paradoxically enough, the constant attempt to remind the scientist whom he should better forget. It is not surprising at all therefore that the traditional history of science was a field of only minor interest for the practitioner of a distinct scientific diSCipline or specialty and at the same time a hardly challenging task for the professional historian. Nietzsche had already described the historian of science as someone who arrives late after harvest-time: it is somebody who is only a tolerated guest at the thanksgiving dinner of the scientific community .

Edward Gibbon's allegation at the beginning of his Essay on the Study of Literature (1764) that the history of empires is that of the miseries of humankind whereas the history of the sciences is that of their splendour and happiness has for a long time been accepted by professional scientists and by historians of science alike. For its practitioner, the history of a discipline displayed above all the always difficult but fmally rewarding approach to a truth which was incorporated in the discipline in its actual fonn. Looking back, it was only too easy to distinguish those who erred and heretics in the field from the few forerunners of true science. On the one hand, the traditional history of science was told as a story of hero and hero worship, on the other hand it was, paradoxically enough, the constant attempt to remind the scientist whom he should better forget. It is not surprising at all therefore that the traditional history of science was a field of only minor interest for the practitioner of a distinct scientific diSCipline or specialty and at the same time a hardly challenging task for the professional historian. Nietzsche had already described the historian of science as someone who arrives late after harvest-time: it is somebody who is only a tolerated guest at the thanksgiving dinner of the scientific community .

During the Allied bombing of Germany, Hitler was more distressed by the loss of cultural treasures than by the leveling of homes. Remarkably, his propagandists broadcast this fact, convinced that it would reveal not his callousness but his sensitivity: the destruction had failed to crush his artist's spirit. It is impossible to begin to make sense of this thinking without understanding what Wolf Lepenies calls The Seduction of Culture in German History. This fascinating and unusual book tells the story of an arguably catastrophic German habit--that of valuing cultural achievement above all else and envisioning it as a noble substitute for politics. Lepenies examines how this tendency has affected German history from the late eighteenth century to today. He argues that the German preference for art over politics is essential to understanding the peculiar nature of Nazism, including its aesthetic appeal to many Germans (and others) and the fact that Hitler and many in his circle were failed artists and intellectuals who seem to have practiced their politics as a substitute form of art. In a series of historical, intellectual, literary, and artistic vignettes told in an essayistic style full of compelling aphorisms, this wide-ranging book pays special attention to Goethe and Thomas Mann, and also contains brilliant discussions of such diverse figures as Novalis, Walt Whitman, Leo Strauss, and Allan Bloom. The Seduction of Culture in German History is concerned not only with Germany, but with how the German obsession with culture, sense of cultural superiority, and scorn of politics have affected its relations with other countries, France and the United States in particular.

AnHifilich der 600-Jahrfeier der Ruperto-Carola-Univer sitat Heidelberg und parallel zu den tiber das ganze Jahr verteilten vieWiltigen Aktivitaten, Symposien und Festvor tragen der Universitat entschied der Gemeinderat der Stadt Heidelberg, sich nicht nur mit der "Stadt-Heidelberg-Stif tung" und deren Stiftungskapital von 2 Mio. DM, sondern auch mit einer Vortagsreihe an dem Jubilaumsjahr zu beteili gen. Schien es doch legitim, daB die Stadt, die seit sechs Jahrhunderten mit der Universitat lebt, tiber ihre traditions reichste Einrichtung nachdenken wollte. Als Titel der Vortragsreihe bot sich jener Titel an, den Karl Jaspers 1946 seiner Schrift tiber die Heidelberger Uni versitat gegeben hatte: Die Idee der Universitat. 1m Wintersemester 1985/86 und Sommersemester 1986 hielten sechs hervorragende Vertreter interdisziplinarer For schung und Lehre Vortrage, die in diesem Band zusammen gefaBt sind. 1m Wintersemester versuchten die Beitrage des Heidel berger Philosophen und Jaspers-Nachfolgers Prof. Gada mer, des Hamburger Wissenschaftssenators Prof. Meyer Abich und des Vizeprasidenten des Wissenschaftskollegs, Prof. Lepenies, den Standort der Universitat in der Ge schichte, der politis chen Gegenwart der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und im internationalen Vergleich zu bestim men. VI Vorwort 1m Sommersemester konzentrierten sich die Beitrage des Nobelpreistragers Prof. Eigen, Max-Planck-Institut Got tingen, Prof. Lubbe, Zurich und Prof. Habermas, Frank furt, auf die innere Entwicklung der Universitat und die Reformbestrebungen der letzten Jahrzehnte. In seiner Schrift "Die Idee der Universitat" bestimmt Karl Jaspers: "Die Aufgabe der Universitat ist die Wissen schaft. Aber Forschung und Lehre der Wissenschaft dienen der Bildung geistigen Lebens als Offenbarwerden der Wahr heit" ."

The theme of this book is the conflict which arose in the early nineteenth century between the literary and the scientific intellectuals of Europe, as they competed for recognition as the chief analysts of the new industrial society in which they lived. This conflict was epitomizd in the confrontation between Matthew Arnold and T.H.Huxley, and later in that between F.R.Leavis and C.P.Snow. Sociology was born as the third major discipline, though in many ways a hybrid of the literary and the scientific traditions. The author chronicles the rise of the new discipline by discussing the lives and work of the most prominent thinkers at the time, in England, France and Germany. These include John Stuart Mill, H.G.Wells, Beatrice and Sidney Webb, T.S.Eliot, Charles Pegny, Emile Durkheim, Auguste Comte, Stefan George, Thomas Mann, Max Weber and Karl Mannheim. At stake was the right to formulate a philosophy of life for contemporary society, and to predict and pre-empt the worst consequences of industrialization. The book presents a penetrating study of idealists grappling with reality, when industrial society was in its infancy.