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Das Buch beleuchtet die aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungsbedingungen in der EU in vergleichender Perspektive. Auf der Basis theoretischer Ansatze und umfassender empirischer Befunde werden die Ursachen des weitreichenden gesellschaftlichen Unbehagens der BurgerInnen, zentrale Charakteristika der aktuellen Stimmungslagen in Europa und potentielle Solidaritatseinschrankungen im Zuge der Krise analysiert. Die vorliegende Monographie wurde als Habilitationsschrift an der Universitat Salzburg approbiert. Auszuge aus den Gutachten: "Ich wunsche der Arbeit, dass sie die breite Leserschaft erreicht, die sie verdient." (Nina Baur, TU Berlin) "Unverkennbar stellt die Arbeit den Versuch eines grossen Wurfs dar, analytisch auf der Hoehe der Theoriediskussion, methodisch elaboriert und empirisch gehaltvoll." (Georg Vobruba, Universitat Leipzig) "I am impressed by Aschauers knowledge and good use of so many statistical techniques." (Eldad Davidov, Universitat Zurich)
Interkulturelle und landervergleichende Umfrageforschung ist aktuell wohl die groesste Herausforderung der standardisierten internationalen Meinungserhebungen. Sie weist nicht nur organisatorische, sondern auch eine Vielzahl methodischer und wissenschaftstheoretischer Problemlagen auf. In einem umfassenden Ansatz differenzieren die Autoren diese methodischen Problembereiche weiter aus. Sie diskutieren Loesungsansatze fur das Problem der funktionalen AEquivalenz und eroeffnen Perspektiven fur eine Methodologie interkultureller und landervergleichender Sozialforschung. Dabei erweitern sie die bisherige AEquivalenzforschung wesentlich.
Die Umfrageforschung zahlt nach wie vor zu den am meisten eingesetzten - tenerfassungsmethoden in den Sozialwissenschaften, aus denen ein Wissens- winn und Erkenntnisfortschritt erwartet wird. Wenngleich sich die Methoden heute stark ausdifferenzieren und die Modi diversifizieren, fehlt es immer noch an Grundlagenforschung in diesem Bereich. Das vorliegende Buch soll einen weiteren Ansatz darstellen, die grundleg- den Elemente der Befragung sowie ihre Einbettung im prozessorientierten - lauf der Umfrage zu strukturieren. Dabei interessieren vor allem Raum-, Ze- und Befindlichkeitsaspekte und ihre jeweiligen Effekte. Es wird wohl noch intensiver weiterer Forschung, aber auch Uberzeugu- arbeit bedurfen, um die Umfrageforschung von ihrem eingespielten und ang- lich so sicheren Weg zu neuen methodischen Perspektiven zu bringen, die eine weitere Annaherung an Wahrheits- und Wirklichkeitsvorstellungen in Aussicht stellen. Reinhard Bachleitner Martin Weichbold Wolfgang Aschauer Salzburg, Janner 2010 1 Einleitung: Problemstellung und Zielperspektiven Die Befragung ist hinsichtlich der Haufigkeit ihrer Anwendung mehr denn je die bedeutendste Methode der empirischen Sozialforschung. Die von Rene Konig (1952: 27) gewagte Prophezeiung, dass das Interview in seinen verschiedenen Formen doch immer der Konigsweg der praktischen Sozialforschung bleiben" werde, hat auch nach uber einem halben Jahrhundert nichts von ihrer Gultigkeit verloren. Mehr denn je fullt auch die Literatur uber die Befragung unzahlige Druckseiten. Dies gilt zum einen fur Lehrbucher."
The amount of international research on 'Children and War' carried out by academics, governments and non-governmental organisations has continually increased in recent years. At the same time there has been growing public interest in how children experience military conflicts and how their lives have been affected by war and its aftermath. In light of the many brutal post-colonialist civil wars or 'new wars', especially in Africa and Asia, child soldiers have in particular gained increased attention. Simultaneously, since the 1990s, the history of the Holocaust and World War II has also increasingly been written from the perspective of children; those who speak out now and publish their memoirs experienced the Holocaust as children. A similar generational change has also taken place in the societies of the perpetrators: Germans and Austrians who experienced the war as children took over the role of war witnesses from the soldiers of the German Wehrmacht. Moreover, intensified focus on children's experiences and their strategies for dealing with what they went through is evident in Eastern Europe as well. In Children and War: Past and Present Volume II scholars from different academic disciplines, practitioners in the field, and representatives of government and non-governmental institutions present a further selection of studies in this sensitive subject from different angles and in various methodological ways. A number of studies investigate the difficult areas of recovery and reintegration both of child soldiers specifically, and children affected by armed conflict. Further sections examine Victims and Witnesses, Public Discourse and Education and World War II and the Second Generation.
The amount of international research on 'Children and War' carried out by academics, governments and non-governmental organisations has continually increased in recent years. At the same time there has been growing public interest in how children experience military conflicts and how their lives have been affected by war and its aftermath. In light of the many brutal post-colonialist civil wars or 'new wars', especially in Africa and Asia, child soldiers have in particular gained increased attention. Simultaneously, since the 1990s, the history of the Holocaust and World War II has also increasingly been written from the perspective of children; those who speak out now and publish their memoirs experienced the Holocaust as children. A similar generational change has also taken place in the societies of the perpetrators: Germans and Austrians who experienced the war as children took over the role of war witnesses from the soldiers of the German Wehrmacht. Moreover, intensified focus on children's experiences and their strategies for dealing with what they went through is evident in Eastern Europe as well. In Children and War: Past and Present scholars from different academic disciplines, practitioners in the field, and representatives of government and non-governmental institutions approach this sensitive subject from different angles and in various methodological ways. The book shows how children expressed their experiences in letters, memoirs and diaries during and after World War I and World War II and how children remembered those wars. Many of the authors also deal with various long-term psychological effects. Using the example of children's literature in World War I and the representation of child survivors in the postwar cinema, another focus of the book is on the representation of children in different wars. Based on post-colonial and contemporary wars in Africa, images of girl and boy soldiers created by the media, NGOs and governments as well as trends in how they are represented in contemporary research are also discussed. The last section of the book concentrates on various institutions such as welfare organisations and NGOs dealing with children in different wars. How have institutions supported children? And concerning contemporary conflicts, how does the international community face the question of international justice and adapt to children's needs?
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