This volume comprises an outstanding variety of chapters on Earth Observation based time series analyses, undertaken to reveal past and current land surface dynamics for large areas. What exactly are time series of Earth Observation data? Which sensors are available to generate real time series? How can they be processed to reveal their valuable hidden information? Which challenges are encountered on the way and which pre-processing is needed? And last but not least: which processes can be observed? How are large regions of our planet changing over time and which dynamics and trends are visible? These and many other questions are answered within this book "Remote Sensing Time Series Analyses - Revealing Land Surface Dynamics". Internationally renowned experts from Europe, the USA and China present their exciting findings based on the exploitation of satellite data archives from well-known sensors such as AVHRR, MODIS, Landsat, ENVISAT, ERS and METOP amongst others. Selected review and methods chapters provide a good overview over time series processing and the recent advances in the optical and radar domain. A fine selection of application chapters addresses multi-class land cover and land use change at national to continental scale, the derivation of patterns of vegetation phenology, biomass assessments, investigations on snow cover duration and recent dynamics, as well as urban sprawl observed over time.

Traditional psychology has long been concerned with cognition, motivation, emotion, and the mind in general?the mind being held responsible for individual behavior in society?and scholars of social and cultural psychology have worked in relative isolation. Meaning in Action is a bold departure as it places culture at the center of human functioning and posits that it is not the independent mind that gives rise to human action but participation in a world of socially created meanings. Each chapter illuminates the socially grounded view of the individual. Investigations into the power of shared meanings, norms, and moralities in everyday life, as well as individual and social narratives, point to their pivotal significance in human relationships. Among other topics, it provides new insights into forgiveness, infant adoption, trauma, supranational identity, and prejudice. The book offers an alternative to the widely dominant vision of psychological functioning and draws on a wide variety of current movements to present a deeply challenging and globally integrative view of human behavior.

Stochastic numerical methods play an important role in large scale computations in the applied sciences. The first goal of this book is to give a mathematical description of classical direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) procedures for rarefied gases, using the theory of Markov processes as a unifying framework. The second goal is a systematic treatment of an extension of DSMC, called stochastic weighted particle method. This method includes several new features, which are introduced for the purpose of variance reduction (rare event simulation). Rigorous convergence results as well as detailed numerical studies are presented.

The book gives an outline of prevailing hydrogeologic conditions in the Arab Middle East together with the geologic background. Emphasis is given to relationships between the main features influencing the hydrogeologic conditions - regional geologic developments, paleogeographic conditions, morphology, climate and paleo-climate - and the resulting hydrogeologic features: formation of aquifers, distribution of major aquifers, main groundwater flow systems, occurrence of renewable and fossil groundwater. Reported data on hydraulic aquifer parameters, recharge rates and groundwater flow volumes are evaluated with a view to arrive at characteristic values under the specific hydrogeologic and climatic conditions. The area considered covers approximately the Arabian Plate. Information on the following countries is included: Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen.

Bringing together scholars from Europe and North America, this book examines the engagement of legislatures across the world in foreign and security policy. The articles are specifically chosen to cover the whole range of foreign affairs questions from crisis management and military missions, arms trade, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU), international energy agreements, to international trade negotiations. Drawing on a principal-agent framework, the book challenges the conventional wisdom of 'executive autonomy' in foreign affairs, with parliaments using multiple ex ante and ex post instruments to monitor, oversee and control governments in external relations. Moving beyond the 'politics stops at the water's edge' image, the articles highlight the role of party-political contestation instead of consensus in the name of national interest structuring parliamentary debates and decision-making in this increasingly politicized issue area. Considering the lack of research on parliamentary participation in foreign affairs beyond the specific case of the U.S. Congress, the book will also contribute to theory building and will deepen our understanding of legislative-executive relations. The chapters originally published as a special issue in West European Politics.

Bringing together scholars from Europe and North America, this book examines the engagement of legislatures across the world in foreign and security policy. The articles are specifically chosen to cover the whole range of foreign affairs questions from crisis management and military missions, arms trade, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU), international energy agreements, to international trade negotiations. Drawing on a principal-agent framework, the book challenges the conventional wisdom of 'executive autonomy' in foreign affairs, with parliaments using multiple ex ante and ex post instruments to monitor, oversee and control governments in external relations. Moving beyond the 'politics stops at the water's edge' image, the articles highlight the role of party-political contestation instead of consensus in the name of national interest structuring parliamentary debates and decision-making in this increasingly politicized issue area. Considering the lack of research on parliamentary participation in foreign affairs beyond the specific case of the U.S. Congress, the book will also contribute to theory building and will deepen our understanding of legislative-executive relations. The chapters originally published as a special issue in West European Politics.

This volume, the second in a mulit-volume history of German aviation, discusses the life work of one of Germany's greatest aircraft designers in pictures, tables, drawings and in his own words discussing flight testing of his airplanes. Examined are the birth of Focke-Wulf's airplanes, the ideas and thinking which formed the foundation of Tank's designs, his masterpieces in the areas of long-range and high-speed flight as well as flight test results. The reader experiences the metamorphosis of an aircraft design from the first pencil line on the drawing board to the screaming, nearly supersonic dives during its evaluation phase. Tank would only entrust to civilian pilots, military flyers and the captains of the Lufthansa fleet those designs whose superior flying characteristics, stability, and flawless stall handling he had been able to experience first hand. A mixture of technical history, flight testing and previously unpublished data enable the reader to catch a fascinating glimpse of the aircraft built during the 1930s and 1940s, not to mention the outstanding designs Tank worked on in other countries following the war. All of the classic Focke-Wulf aircraft are to be found: the well-known Fw 200, Fw 190, Ta 152, and Ta 154, as well as the lesser known Fw 57, Fw 187, Fw 189 and others.

The book gives an outline of prevailing hydrogeologic conditions in the Arab Middle East together with the geologic background. Emphasis is given to relationships between the main features influencing the hydrogeologic conditions - regional geologic developments, paleogeographic conditions, morphology, climate and paleo-climate - and the resulting hydrogeologic features: formation of aquifers, distribution of major aquifers, main groundwater flow systems, occurrence of renewable and fossil groundwater. Reported data on hydraulic aquifer parameters, recharge rates and groundwater flow volumes are evaluated with a view to arrive at characteristic values under the specific hydrogeologic and climatic conditions. The area considered covers approximately the Arabian Plate. Information on the following countries is included: Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen.

This Brief looks at the illustrative case of the Hindu-Muslim conflict in India, with the aim of understanding the dynamics of lived secularism as it exists in traditional multi-faith societies such as India. The data analyzed in this Brief comprise many interviews, conducted amidst Hindus and Muslims, with respondents of both sexes living in slum and middle class regions in the city of Mumbai. The volume begins by giving a brief summary of the historical and cultural background to the present situation in India. It thentraces complementarities and similarities of opinions across diverse constituencies which cluster around three main anchoring points: communication, re-presentations and operationalizing of a shared dream. The first point explores the need to understand and to be understood, encourages processes of mutual acculturation, and describes the sensitive decoding of cultural symbols such as dress codes. Thesecond point discusses changes in mind sets and mutual perceptions, where Muslims and Islam are portrayed in a balanced way and exploitation of religion for political purposes is stopped. The third main point is the involvement of the common, regular person, anda focus on children, as the unifying hope for the future.

Throughout the volume, emphasis is on moral maturation, cultural interpretation in lieu of cultural imposition and creation of asensitive media policy. The issues raised may helpcraft interdisciplinary and international frameworks, which address conflict resolution in culturally diverse multi-faith societies. Accordingly, the book concludes with policy recommendations for supporting the peaceful coexistence ofsecularism and religion in society from a peace psychological perspective."

This book, the first in a multi-volume history of German aviation, provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of of jet aircraft design and development in Germany. The solid description, unique photo material, historical documents, numerous drawings and complete data tables - published for the first time - make this book not only a gripping story but also an indispensable reference work for anyone with an interest in the development of aviation. In August 1939 in Germany a small propellerless aircraft took off on its maiden flight under conditions of utmost secrecy: the world's first jet aircraft. Apart from Ernst Heinkel, Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (inventor of the turbojet engine) and a small circle of their co-workers, no one suspected the profound effect that the successful flight of the tiny He 178 would have on aviation. Spurred on by Heinkel's success, very high speed aircraft were also put into the air by Messerschmitt, Arado and Junkers. On the other hand the designers of jet engines initially encountered almost insuperable problems, for in wartime high-quality raw materials such as nickel, cobalt and molybdenum were unobtainable and substitute materials had to be used in their place. But the designers, who were rushing ahead with their own projects, found a way around this with the help of experienced test pilots: in 1940 the Heinkel 280, the first twin-engined jet aircraft, was flown without engines as a towed glider; Messerschmitt installed an auxiliary piston engine in the nose of its twin-engined Me 262; Arado equipped its twin-engined Ar 234 with jet engines intended for ground tests only. The test pilots became accustomed to landing on just one working engine or none at all. In spite of shortages of strategic materials and the use of replacements, jet engines reached the production stage by the end of the war. But it was only possible to put small numbers of the very high speed aircraft into service, too late to have any decisive effect on the war. The development work on these first jet aircraft led to a tremendous technological leap forward; it was the beginning of advanced technology in aircraft design.

are far from genetically ? xing what behavioral preferences they may possess. Instead, learning mechanisms offer a ? exible way of attaining locally important cultural knowledge within temporal windows of opportunity as has been convi- ingly shown by research in language and culture attainment. Similar mechanisms are likely to exist for other social capacities, such as mate preferences, for example. It is this role of our biological inheritance that social science must appreciate in order to furnish a more complete understanding of human behavior. Within the natural range of variation of capacities and armed with biologically conditioned learning mechanisms we live out lives of meaning - in which we hold some things to be real, rational, valuable or morally right, and others not. It is this world of meaning in which we ? nd love and hate, struggles for justice, power, and money, and the dramas that lend to life both its depth and passion.

Stochastic numerical methods play an important role in large scale computations in the applied sciences. The first goal of this book is to give a mathematical description of classical direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) procedures for rarefied gases, using the theory of Markov processes as a unifying framework. The second goal is a systematic treatment of an extension of DSMC, called stochastic weighted particle method. This method includes several new features, which are introduced for the purpose of variance reduction (rare event simulation). Rigorous convergence results as well as detailed numerical studies are presented.

According to a widely shared notion, foreign affairs are exempted from democratic politics, i.e. party-political divisions are overcome-and should be overcome-for the sake of a common national interest. This book shows that this is not the case. Examining votes in the US Congress and several European parliaments, the book demonstrates that contestation over foreign affairs is barely different from contestation over domestic politics. Analyses of a new collection of deployment votes, of party manifestos, and of expert survey data show that political parties differ systematically over foreign policy and military interventions in particular. The left/right divide is the best guide to the pattern of party-political contestation: support is weakest at the far left of the spectrum and increases as one moves along the left/right axis to green, social democratic, liberal and conservative parties; amongst parties of the far right, support is again weaker than amongst parties of the centre. An analysis of parliamentary debates in Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom about the interventions in Afghanistan and against Daesh in Iraq and Syria shows that political parties also differ systematically in how they frame the use of force abroad. For example, parties on the right tend to frame their country's participation in the US-led missions in terms of national security and national interests whereas parties on the left tend to engage in 'spiral model thinking', i.e. they critically reflect on the unintended consequences of the use of force in fuelling the conflicts with the Taliban and Daesh.

Auf dem Fundament des Verantwortungsprinzips und einer Proze~analyse der Nutzen-Risiko-Abw{gung f}r das Arzneimittel wird ein systematisches Geb{ude der Pharmaethik errichtet. Seine f}nf Bausteine - Wirtschafts-, Forschungs-, Sicherheits-, Vertriebs- und Verteilungsethik - verdeutlichen die enorme Komplexit{t des Themas und strukturieren es gleichzeitig in anschaulicher Weise. Ein umfangreicher Anhang unterst}tzt die konkreten Handlungsentscheidungen, vor allem im Bereich der klinischen Pr}fung nach den neuen Good-Clinical-Practice-Richtlinien derEurop{ischen Gemeinschaft. Das Buch wendet sich an [rzte, Pharmazeuten, Philosphen, Soziologen, \konomen, Manager, Politiker, Medizinjournalisten sowie an interessierte Studenten und Verbraucher. Angesprochen sind alle, die dem breiten Spektrum an Fehleinsch{tzungen mit den Instrumenten der angewandten Ethik begegnen wollen: der Verdammung des Arzneimittels genauso wie seiner unkritischen Glorifizierung, Damit r}ckt die Pharmaethik in den Brennpunkt der Qualit{tssicherung f}r die Zukunft des gesamten Arzneimittelwesens.

Dieses Arbeitsbuch fuhrt Schritt fur Schritt in das dreidimensionale Konstruieren mit dem Softwareprodukt I-DEAS ein. Aufgrund der besonderen Konzeption eignet es sich besonders zum Selbststudium: Vor jedem Beispiel wird der Inhalt der Ubung, eine isometrische Darstellung des Beispiels, ein Grob-Ablaufplan, die Lernziele und die technische Zeichnung vorgestellt. Es wurde ein durchgangiges Beispiel gewahlt, um die verschiedenen Modellierungstechniken der Einzelteile bis zur Zusammenstellung als Baugruppe aufzuzeigen. Die aktuelle Auflage berucksichtigt den derzeitigen Befehlssatz.

Der Medizin des ausklingenden 20. Jahrhunderts - insbesondere im Bereich der Nervenheilkunde - stellen sich verstarkt Fragen nach dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht und der Wurde des Patienten, nach den wachsenden Konflikten im Umgang mit Not, Schmerz und Krise, nach der Autoritat des Therapeuten, aber auch nach den Grenzen des wissenschaftlichen FortschritAEs. Nirgendwo sind die diagnostischen Kriterien subjektiver, die Ermessungsspielraume weiter, die Grenzen zwischen gesund und krank fliessender als in der Psychiatrie. Hier befindet sich der behandelnde Arzt in einem besonders starken Spannungsfeld zwischen individueller und sozialer Verantwortlichkeit, die Verletzlichkeit des Kranken in der ganzen Tie+AEBseines Menschseins ist hier groesser als in irgendeinem anderen medizinischen Bereich. Zwangshospitalisierung und Zwangsbehandlung sind extreme, aber bezeichnende Beispiele fur die TrAEgweite der ethischen Probleme dieses Fachgebietes. In den Beitragen dieses Bandes werden ethische Themenbereiche nach neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen behandelt. Untersucht wird sowohl die Rolle der Anthropologie und Metaphysik fur die Herleitung ethischer Werte, die medizinethischen Prinzipien in ihrem Wandel als auch die praktischen Probleme, die sich dem Verantwortlichen in der taglichen Praxis stellen. Somit bietet das Buch eine umfassende Gesamtinformation und wichtige Grundlage fur den notwendigen Dialog uber ethische Probleme in der Psychiatrie.

Anlasslich des 100. Jahrestages des gewaltsamen Todes von Mary Vetsera und des Kronprinzen Rudolf von Habsburg war das hier dokumentierte Symposium offenbar die einzige Ver anstaltung, die im Rahmen einer wissenschaftlichen Sitzung die ses Anlasses gedachte. Daher scheint uns die Bezeichnung "Das Mayerling-Symposium" gerechtfertigt. Unsere Absicht beschrankte sich jedoch nicht darauf, der historischen Tragodie zu gedenken, sondern wir wollten das weltweite Publikumsinter esse auch dazu nutzen, die Phanomene der Aggression und der Suizidalitat nach neuestern wissenschaftlichem Erkenntnisstand zu beleuchten und auf diese Weise aufzeigen, dass derartig schrecklichen Ereignissen prophylaktisch und therapeutisch be gegnet werden kann. Neben den medizinischen Grundlagen kommt dabei der Familiendynamik und den sozialen Gegeben heiten eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Den Ereignissen von Mayerling selbst wurde nur im Rahmen eines einleitenden Vortrags gedacht, welcher der wohl bekann testen Historikerin auf diesem Gebiete, Dr. Brigitte Hamann, anvertraut war. In den Diskussionen kam es jedoch immer wieder zu einer interessanten Begegnung zwischen den histori schen Wissenschaften und den Wissenschaften, die sich mit destruktivem und suizidalem Verhalten beschaftigen. Die gene tischen, biochemischen und pharmakologischen Aspekte der Phanomene wurden ebenso besprochen wie die tiefenpsycholo gischen, soziologischen, familientherapeutischen und ethischen Gesichtspunkte. So war es moglich, einen Querschnitt durch die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung um die Probleme der Aggression und Selbstaggression darzustellen. Dass in den leb haften Diskussionen auch der politische und rezeptionsge schichtliche Aspekt der Tragodie von Mayerling zur Sprache kam, war vorauszusehen. Moge dieses Buch dazu beitragen, dass anlasslich des 100."

Entsprechend der Zielsetzung der "Reihe Wissen- schaft A" beabsichtigt das vorliegende Bandchen nicht, mit den in groesserer Zahl vorhandenen Lehrbuchern, Monographien und UEbersichten in Konkurrenz .zu treten. Es wurde vielmehr versucht, das Gesamtgebiet der che- mischen Thermodynamik sowohl hinsichtlich der theore- tischen Grundlagen als auch der experimentellen Ver- fahren und der praktischen Anwendung der Ergebnisse in Form einer zusammengedrangten UEbersicht darzustel- len. Diesem Bemuhen lag die Konzeption zugrunde, dem Leser einmal einen Gesamtuberblick uber das zweifellos zu den wichtigsten Grundpfeilern der modernen Chemie gehoerende Gebiet zu verschaffen, zum anderen ihn in die Lage zu versetzen, die Stellung seiner eigenen Proble- me und Aufgaben klar zu erkennen, um hiervon ausgehend zu ausfuhrlicheren Darstellungen vorzustossen. Dabei beschrankt sich die Darlegung bewusst auf die "klassische" chemische Thermodynamik und gibt lediglich Hinweise auf Teilgebiete, die auf speziellen Grundlagen aufbauen, wie z. B. die statistische Thermodynamik. Infolge des besonderen Charakters dieses Bandchens als Teil einer Buchreihe war es naturlich nicht moeglich, auf alle wesentlichen Seiten und Aspekte der chemischen Ener- getik und Gleichgewichtslehre mit dem vielleicht notwen- digen Nachdruck hinzuweisen. Das vorliegende Bandchen entstand auf der Grundlage der Vorlesung meines verehrten Lehrers, Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil., Dr. rer. nat. h. c. KuRT ScHWABE, dem ich fur die Erlaubnis zur Benutzung dieser Vorlage sowie seine standige Foerderung auch an dieser Stelle danke.