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Tracing descent from common ancestors was extremely important in
imperial China. Members of such lineage communities sacrificed to
ancestors in periodic ceremonies, maintained written genealogies to
demonstrate their descent, and held some properties in common. This
book, based on extensive original research, provides evidence that
the practice originated much earlier than previously understood. It
shows that in the eleventh century, in southern China under the
Song dynasty, the method of compiling a genealogy in the form a
table, that is, to say a family tree, replaced its statement as a
textual paragraph and that this allowed the tracking of multi-line
descent in ways that had previously been impossible. The book also
reveals that the practice of recording and presenting genealogical
information was not originally unique to communities of common
surnames, but that the Southern Song government, keen to encourage
loyalty to the state and cohesion within communities, favoured the
building of common surname lineages, a practice which then had
far-reaching consequences for the nature of Chinese society over a
very long period.
Although most studies of rural society in China deal with land
villages, in fact very substantial numbers of Chinese people lived
by the sea, on the rivers and the lakes. In land villages, mostly
given to farming, people lived in permanent houses, whereas on the
margins of the waterways many people lived in boats and sheds, and
developed their own marked features, often being viewed as pariahs
by the rest of Chinese society. This book examines these boat and
shed living people. It takes an "historical anthropological"
approach, combining research in official records with
investigations among surviving boat and shed living people, their
oral traditions and their personal records. Besides outlining the
special features of the boat and shed living people, the book
considers why pressures over time drove many to move to land
villages, and how boat and shed living people were gradually
marginalised, often losing their fishing rights to those who
claimed imperial connections. The book covers the subject from Ming
and Qing times up to the present.
Tracing descent from common ancestors was extremely important in
imperial China. Members of such lineage communities sacrificed to
ancestors in periodic ceremonies, maintained written genealogies to
demonstrate their descent, and held some properties in common. This
book, based on extensive original research, provides evidence that
the practice originated much earlier than previously understood. It
shows that in the eleventh century, in southern China under the
Song dynasty, the method of compiling a genealogy in the form a
table, that is, to say a family tree, replaced its statement as a
textual paragraph and that this allowed the tracking of multi-line
descent in ways that had previously been impossible. The book also
reveals that the practice of recording and presenting genealogical
information was not originally unique to communities of common
surnames, but that the Southern Song government, keen to encourage
loyalty to the state and cohesion within communities, favoured the
building of common surname lineages, a practice which then had
far-reaching consequences for the nature of Chinese society over a
very long period.
Argues that developments in biomedicine in China should be at the
center of our understanding of biomedicine, not at the periphery
Today China is a major player in advancing the frontiers of
biomedicine, yet previous accounts have examined only whether
medical ideas and institutions created in the West were
successfully transferred to China. This is the firstbook to
demonstrate the role China played in creating a globalized
biomedicine between 1850 and 1950. This was China's "Century of
Humiliation" when imperialist powers dominated China's foreign
policy and economy, forcing it to join global trends that included
limited public health measures in the nineteenth century and
government-sponsored healthcare in the twentieth. These external
pressures, combined with a vast population immiserated by
imperialism and the decline of the Chinese traditional economy,
created extraordinary problems for biomedicine that were both
unique to China and potentially applicable to other developing
nations. In this book, scholars based in China, the United States,
and the United Kingdom make the case that developments in
biomedicine in China such as the discovery of new diseases, the
opening of the medical profession to women, the mass production of
vaccines, and the delivery ofhealthcare to poor rural areas should
be at the center of our understanding of biomedicine, not at the
periphery. CONTRIBUTORS: Daniel Asen, Nicole Barnes, Mary Augusta
Brazelton, Gao Xi , He Xiaolian, Li Shenglan, David Luesink,
William H. Schneider, Shi Yan, Yu Xinzhong, DAVID LUESINK is
Assistant Professor of History at Sacred Heart University. WILLIAM
H. SCHNEIDER is Professor Emeritus of History and Medical
Humanities at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis.
ZHANG DAQING is Professor and Director, Institute of Medical
Humanities at Peking University in Beijing.
Although most studies of rural society in China deal with land
villages, in fact very substantial numbers of Chinese people lived
by the sea, on the rivers and the lakes. In land villages, mostly
given to farming, people lived in permanent houses, whereas on the
margins of the waterways many people lived in boats and sheds, and
developed their own marked features, often being viewed as pariahs
by the rest of Chinese society. This book examines these boat and
shed living people. It takes an "historical anthropological"
approach, combining research in official records with
investigations among surviving boat and shed living people, their
oral traditions and their personal records. Besides outlining the
special features of the boat and shed living people, the book
considers why pressures over time drove many to move to land
villages, and how boat and shed living people were gradually
marginalised, often losing their fishing rights to those who
claimed imperial connections. The book covers the subject from Ming
and Qing times up to the present.
Differential privacy is a promising approach to formalizing
privacy-that is, for writing down what privacy means as a
mathematical equation. This book serves as an overview of the
state-of-the-art in techniques for differential privacy. The
authors provide an introduction to what is meant by privacy in
computing terms and the reasons why differential privacy is
becoming adopted in many applications. The authors focus in
particular on techniques for answering database-style queries, on
useful algorithms and their applications, and on systems and tools
that implement them. These techniques represent significant
progress towards building differentially private database systems.
The approaches described in this book have already resulted in
useful, deployable systems, and likely pave the way towards
increasingly widespread adoption of differential privacy in such
systems. This book provides a database researcher or designer a
complete, yet concise, overview of differential privacy and its
deployment in database systems. Written in a clear and didactic
manner, the novice to the subject will quickly learn the
essentials; while those more familiar with the subject is presented
with an accessible text that covers the latest research.
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