This book offers a comprehensive introduction to novel absorption heating technologies for improving the energy efficiency of heating systems. The proposed low-temperature heating systems, based on an air source absorption heat pump (ASAHP), significantly increase heating efficiency and reduce pollution emissions. As the performance of ASAHPs deteriorates at lower ambient/driving temperatures, a series of advanced cycles is used to extend their applicability, with the compression-assisted ASAHP being the most outstanding example. The book discusses the generator-absorber-heat-exchange ASAHP as a promising solution to make the best of high driving temperatures, an aspect that can be improved further via compression. Further, it addresses the ground source absorption heat pump (GSAHP), which eliminates the soil thermal imbalance of the conventional ground source electrical heat pump (GSEHP), and also reduces the number of boreholes . Various hybrid GSAHP systems are proposed to further enhance applicability, efficiency, and economy: these include a combined GSAHP and GSEHP system, as well as ASAHP and GSAHP systems that incorporate design optimizations. In closing, the book explores the merits of novel working fluids and highlights recent advances concerning waste heat and renewable energy utilization.

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to novel absorption heating technologies for improving the energy efficiency of heating systems. The proposed low-temperature heating systems, based on an air source absorption heat pump (ASAHP), significantly increase heating efficiency and reduce pollution emissions. As the performance of ASAHPs deteriorates at lower ambient/driving temperatures, a series of advanced cycles is used to extend their applicability, with the compression-assisted ASAHP being the most outstanding example. The book discusses the generator-absorber-heat-exchange ASAHP as a promising solution to make the best of high driving temperatures, an aspect that can be improved further via compression. Further, it addresses the ground source absorption heat pump (GSAHP), which eliminates the soil thermal imbalance of the conventional ground source electrical heat pump (GSEHP), and also reduces the number of boreholes . Various hybrid GSAHP systems are proposed to further enhance applicability, efficiency, and economy: these include a combined GSAHP and GSEHP system, as well as ASAHP and GSAHP systems that incorporate design optimizations. In closing, the book explores the merits of novel working fluids and highlights recent advances concerning waste heat and renewable energy utilization.

There are two kinds of antiterrorist emergency ventilation system. One is to defend indoor environment against chemical and biological agent (CBA) attacks. The other is to supply calmative gas to incapacitate terrorists when they hold hostages in public buildings. What kind of system and ventilation strategy can be used for antiterrorism, and how to make decision are introduced in the book. There are six sections in the book. How the emergency ventilation systems work is introduced in the first section. The second section is on the theory of contaminant dispersion and identification of contaminant source. For the theory of contaminant dispersion, both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and analytical formula of contaminant distribution are introduced. For the theory of contaminant source identification, an algorithm to identify the position and intensity of contaminant source with limited number of sensors is proposed and demonstrated for its effectiveness. The third section is on the evacuation model and evaluation of exposure risk. Both cellular automata (CA) model and spatial-grid evacuation model (SGEM) are introduced for modelling evacuation process. The relative exposure risk index, EFCS, and absolute exposure risk index, PIR, are introduced to evaluate the exposure risk of contaminant. Both the second section and third section are the fundamental of emergency ventilation. Based on section 2 and 3, the ventilation strategy and decision-making are introduced for emergency ventilation against contaminant suddenly released in public building in section 4 and for emergency ventilation to rescue hostages held by terrorists in section 5, respectively. Section 6 is the summary of the whole book.