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This open access book traces the development of landscapes along
the 414-kilometer China-Laos Railway, one of the first
infrastructure projects implemented under China's Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) and which is due for completion at the end of
2021. Written from the perspective of landscape architecture and
intended for planners and related professionals engaged in the
development and conservation of these landscapes, this book
provides history, planning pedagogy and interdisciplinary framing
for working alongside the often-opaque planning, design and
implementation processes of large-scale infrastructure. It
complicates simplistic notions of development and urbanization
frequently reproduced in the Laos-China frontier region. Many of
the projects and sites investigated in this book are recent
"firsts" in Laos: Laos's first wildlife sanctuary for trafficked
endangered species, its first botanical garden and its first
planting plan for a community forest. Most often the agents and
accomplices of neoliberal development, the planning and design
professions, including landscape architecture, have little dialogue
with either the mainstream natural sciences or critical social
sciences that form the discourse of projects in Laos and comparable
contexts. Covering diverse conceptions and issues of development,
including cultural and scientific knowledge exchanges between Laos
and China, nature tourism, connectivity and new town planning, this
book also features nine planning proposals for Laos generated
through this research initiative since the railway's groundbreaking
in 2016. Each proposal promotes a wider "landscape approach" to
development and deploys landscape architecture's spatial and
ecological acumen to synthesize critical development studies with
the planner's capacity, if not naive predilection, to intervene on
the ground. Ultimately, this book advocates the cautious engagement
of the professionally oriented built-environment disciplines, such
as regional planning, civil engineering and landscape architecture,
with the landscapes of development institutions and environmental
NGOs.
This open access book traces the development of landscapes along
the 414-kilometer China-Laos Railway, one of the first
infrastructure projects implemented under China's Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) and which is due for completion at the end of
2021. Written from the perspective of landscape architecture and
intended for planners and related professionals engaged in the
development and conservation of these landscapes, this book
provides history, planning pedagogy and interdisciplinary framing
for working alongside the often-opaque planning, design and
implementation processes of large-scale infrastructure. It
complicates simplistic notions of development and urbanization
frequently reproduced in the Laos-China frontier region. Many of
the projects and sites investigated in this book are recent
"firsts" in Laos: Laos's first wildlife sanctuary for trafficked
endangered species, its first botanical garden and its first
planting plan for a community forest. Most often the agents and
accomplices of neoliberal development, the planning and design
professions, including landscape architecture, have little dialogue
with either the mainstream natural sciences or critical social
sciences that form the discourse of projects in Laos and comparable
contexts. Covering diverse conceptions and issues of development,
including cultural and scientific knowledge exchanges between Laos
and China, nature tourism, connectivity and new town planning, this
book also features nine planning proposals for Laos generated
through this research initiative since the railway's groundbreaking
in 2016. Each proposal promotes a wider "landscape approach" to
development and deploys landscape architecture's spatial and
ecological acumen to synthesize critical development studies with
the planner's capacity, if not naive predilection, to intervene on
the ground. Ultimately, this book advocates the cautious engagement
of the professionally oriented built-environment disciplines, such
as regional planning, civil engineering and landscape architecture,
with the landscapes of development institutions and environmental
NGOs.
In its history of over a hundred of years, landscape architecture
has developed many ideas, concepts, methods, and models. In this
issue, LA Frontiers focuses on prototype studies by examining those
traceable and repeatable landscape theories, methodologies, and
pedagogies, and introducing the knowledge from allied disciplines
to inspire knowledge innovation, with a particular highlight on the
prototypes adaptive to future uncertainties. It hopes to extend the
disciplinary horizon and enrich the fruition of disciplinary
growth, and to provide designers and scholars with prospective
design thoughts and more resilient working methods. This issue
explores the following aspects: First, prototyping process, or test
planning process, which is characterised for the
test-planning-design process and has been widely applied in the
fields of computer sciences and industrial design but still being
less explored in landscape architecture. This process emphasises
the multi-disciplinary collaboration and test procedure before
design, which would improve the communication efficiency among
professionals from different fields. Second, reflection and
innovation on classic theories and models in landscape planning and
design, such as Ian McHarg's Map Overlay and Carl Steinitz's Six
Steps model. Third, research-based design, including design
research or competitions with clear goals and boundary conditions
which help designers comprehend the essence and implications of
design and encourage disciplinary innovation. And fourth, inductive
and empirical pedagogies to inspire forward-looking design ideas
and working methods.
How China’s borderlands transformed politically and culturally
throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. China’s land
borders, shared with fourteen other nations, are the world’s
longest. Like all borders, they are not just lines on a map but
also spaces whose histories and futures are defined by their
frontier status. An ambitious appraisal of China’s borderlands,
Shifting Sands addresses the full scope and importance of these
regions, illustrating their transformation from imperial backwaters
to hotbeds of resource exploitation and human development in the
age of neoliberal globalization. Xiaoxuan Lu brings to bear an
original combination of archival research, fieldwork, cartography,
and landscape analysis, broadening our understanding of the
political economy and cultural changes in China’s borderlands in
the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. While conventional wisdom
looks to the era of Deng Xiaoping for China’s “opening,” Lu
shows the integration of China’s borderlands into national and
international networks from Sun Yat-sen onward. Yet, while the
state has left a firm imprint on the borderlands, they were hardly
created by China alone. As the Chinese case demonstrates, all
borderlands are transnational, their physical and socioeconomic
landscapes shaped by multidirectional flows of materials, ideas,
and people.
In recent years, China has issued several basin-scale plans to deal
with pressing resources, environmental, and social problems caused
by regional urbanisation. These plans help push ahead flood control
and disaster reduction, the allocation, utilisation, and
conservation of water resources, water ecological environment
protection, and integrated basin management. The development of
Yangtze River Delta, the Yangtze Economic Belt, the Yellow River
Basin, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao
Greater Bay Area, etc., has now become new national agendas, which
are guaranteed by top-down policies and offer opportunities for
regional growth. Several new laws and regulations coming into
effect as of 2021 also reinforce the collaborative basin management
that drives regional social and economic development. Meanwhile,
territorial spatial planning systems established under the
requirement of Multiple-Plan Integration also underscore basin
development strategies in spatial management and ecological
restoration. This issue, mainly focusing on the regional planning
research based on water and land resources through revealing their
ecological characteristics, is expected to include contribution to
the following aspects (but is not limited to): 1) Research on
regional ecology, land use, and ecosystem service at the basin
scale 2) Research on theories, approaches, and practices relevant
to basin spatial planning and ecological restoration 3) Research on
spatial strategies and economic zoning to propel basin-scale social
and economic development 4) Research on basin-scale collaborative
planning and sustainable development of water resources and
environmental protection 5) Integrated basin management planning
geared to guaranteeing basins' ecosystem services 6) ecological
river-corridor conservation and restoration at the basin scale In
all these topics, researchers and planners are called to act as
leaders in interdisciplinary collaboration within the fields of
biology, geography, geology, and the climate sciences to solve
ecological and environmental problems by treating the water network
of a basin, as a whole. In this issue, LA Frontiers also attempts
to learn from cutting-edge exemplars worldwide in basin management,
especially in ecosystem conservation and restoration, to provide
reference for Chinese researchers and practitioners.
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