The year 2000 marks the one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of Hitotsubashi University, one of Japan's most prestigious universities. This official history celebrates the origins and development of the university and its contribution both to Japan's higher education system and her outstanding economic growth over the last century.

With increasing numbers of reports on surgical and nonsurgical treatment of acoustic neuroma, standardization of reporting systems has become more and more important. For that purpose, the 11th Keio International Symposium for Life Sciences and Medicine, the Consensus Meeting on Systems for Reporting Results in Acoustic Neuroma, brought together researchers from Japan and other parts of the world. This volume is a compilation of papers from the symposium on standardization of evaluation and reporting systems for acoustic neuroma from such aspects as tumor size, facial nerve function, pre- and postoperative hearing, the effect of radiotherapy, and neurological symptoms. This unique book is a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, and other professionals working in neurootology, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, audiology, and related fields.

This volume of the Keio University International Symposia for LifeSciences and Medicine contains the proceedings of the eleventh symposium held under the sponsorship of the Keio University Medical Science Fund. As explained in the Opening Remarks by the President of Keio University, the fund was established by the generous donation of Dr. Mitsunada Sakaguchi. The Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine constitute one of the core activities sponsored by the fund, the objective of which is to contribute to the international community by developing human resources, promoting scientific knowledge, and encouraging mutual exchange. Each year, the Committee of the International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine selects the most significant symposium topic from applications received from the Keio medical community. The publication of the proceedings is intended to publicize and disseminate the information arising from the lively discussions of the most exciting and current issues presented during the symposium. On behalf of the Committee, I am most grateful to Dr. Mitsunada Sakaguchi, who made the symposia series possible. Weare also grateful to the prominent speakers for their contribution to this volume. In addition, wewould liketo acknowledge the efficientorganizational work performed by the members of the program committee and the staff of the fund. Naoki Aikawa, M.D., D.M.Sc., EA.C

A reference book written by distinguished epileptologists from around the world gathered in June 2001 at the 12th International Bethel-Cleveland Epilepsy Symposium to discuss and bring up to date our knowledge of the reflex epilepsies. It reports progress in the understanding of reflex epilepsies and describes how the study of reflex seizures helps us to better understand epilepsy itself.