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All biomass is derived from photosynthesis. This provides us with
food fuel, as well as fibre. This process involves conversion of
solar energy, via photochemical reactions, into chemical energy. In
plants and cyanobacteria, carbon dioxide and water are converted
into carbohydrates and oxygen. It is the best studied research area
of plant biology. We expect that this area will assume much greater
importance in the future in view of the depleting resources ofthe
Earth's fuel supply. Furthermore, we believe that the next large
increase in plant productivity will come from applications of the
newer findings about photosynthetic process, especially through
manipulation by genetic engineering. The current book covers an
integrated range of subjects within the general field of
photosynthesis. It is authored by international scientists from
several countries (Australia, Canada, France, India, Israel, Japan,
Netherlands, Russia, Spain, UK and USA). It begins with a
discussion of the genetic potential and the expression of the
chloroplast genome that is responsible for several key proteins
involved in the electron transport processes leading to O
evolution, proton release and the production of 2 NADPH and A TP,
needed for CO fixation. The section on photosystems discusses 2 how
photosystem I functions to produce NADPH and how photosystem II
oxidizes water and releases protons through an "oxygen clock" and
how intermediates between the two photosystems are produced
involving a "two electron gate".
Sulphur (S) plays a pivotal role in various plant growth and
development processes being a constituent of sulphur-containing
amino acids, cysteine and methionine, and other metabolites viz.,
glutathione and phytochelatins, co-factor of enzymes which
contribute to stress repair and amelioration of heavy metal
toxicity. Besides, a number of S-containing components are
biologically active and, thus, a source for use as medicinal value.
The basic global issue before the agricultural scientist and world
community is to evolve cultivars and develop methodologies for
efficient use of inputs to enhance agricultural productivity. This
is particularly true of the developing countries which are going to
see maximum rise in population with changing food demands and
declining availability of land. Amongst the inputs, nutrients play
a crucial role. The major requirement is for N, P and K followed by
several micro-nutrients. In this context reports of world-wide S
deficiency in the agricultural systems are relevant. The reasons
are many. Broadly speaking reduction inS emission, use of S-free N,
P and K fertilizers and higher biomass production contributed the
maximum. Despite the need for sulphur as an essential plant
nutrient and the substantial returns expected from its use, very
little attention has been given to fill the gap between supply and
demand of S.
Sulphur (S) plays a pivotal role in various plant growth and
development processes being a constituent of sulphur-containing
amino acids, cysteine and methionine, and other metabolites viz.,
glutathione and phytochelatins, co-factor of enzymes which
contribute to stress repair and amelioration of heavy metal
toxicity. Besides, a number of S-containing components are
biologically active and, thus, a source for use as medicinal value.
The basic global issue before the agricultural scientist and world
community is to evolve cultivars and develop methodologies for
efficient use of inputs to enhance agricultural productivity. This
is particularly true of the developing countries which are going to
see maximum rise in population with changing food demands and
declining availability of land. Amongst the inputs, nutrients play
a crucial role. The major requirement is for N, P and K followed by
several micro-nutrients. In this context reports of world-wide S
deficiency in the agricultural systems are relevant. The reasons
are many. Broadly speaking reduction inS emission, use of S-free N,
P and K fertilizers and higher biomass production contributed the
maximum. Despite the need for sulphur as an essential plant
nutrient and the substantial returns expected from its use, very
little attention has been given to fill the gap between supply and
demand of S.
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The Indian Nitrogen Assessment - Sources of Reactive Nitrogen, Environmental and Climate Effects, Management Options, and Policies (Paperback)
Y.P. Abrol, Tk Adhya, Viney P. Aneja, Nandula Raghuram, Himanshu Pathak, …
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R3,840
R3,483
Discovery Miles 34 830
Save R357 (9%)
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of Reactive Nitrogen,
Environmental and Climate Effects, and Management Options and
Policies provides a reference for anyone interested in Reactive N,
from researchers and students, to environmental managers. Although
the main processes that affect the N cycle are well known, this
book is focused on the causes and effects of disruption in the N
cycle, specifically in India. The book helps readers gain a precise
understanding of the scale of nitrogen use, misuse, and release
through various agricultural, industrial, vehicular, and other
activities, also including discussions on its contribution to the
pollution of water and air. Drawing upon the collective work of the
Indian Nitrogen Group, this reference book helps solve the
challenges associated with providing reliable estimates of nitrogen
transfers within different ecosystems, also presenting the next
steps that should be taken in the development of balanced,
cost-effective, and feasible strategies to reduce the amount of
reactive nitrogen.
This volume illuminates the disciplinary character of
photosynthesis, which spans (bio)physics to agronomy. The book will
help provide students with the necessary conceptual outlook for
integrating information from the bioenergetic and enzymatic angles,
obtained at the molecular level, with the physiology of
chloroplasts, leaves and eventually crops. It therefore serves the
larger interests of both students and researchers in the areas of
agriculture, biotechnology, biochemistry, biophysics, plant
physiology, and molecular biology, who are engaged in studying not
only the basic aspects of photosynthesis, a major process
determining biomass production, but also its relationship to plant
productivity.
Nitrogen fertilizers are the inescapable necessity to enhance
agricultural production and to sustain food security. However,
their inefficient use accrues from inherent limitations of the crop
plants as well as the manner in which N fertilizers are formulated,
applied and managed. Excessive accumulation of N in the environment
leads to soil acidification, pollution of groundwater and
eutrophication of surface water, posing a public health problem as
well as ecosystem imbalance. Moreover, the ozone layer depletion
and greenhouse effects of NOx gases have global implications.
Agricultural Nitrogen Use: Environmental Implications provides a
comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of problems related to
the efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture, in the overall
context of the nitrogen cycle, its environmental and human health
implications, as well as various approaches to improve N use
efficiency. The book is presented in six sections: N Use, Flows and
Cycling in Agricultural Systems; N Use Efficiency in Crop
Ecosystems; Management Options and Strategies for Enhancing N Use
Efficiency; Plant Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Enhancing
N Use Efficiency; Role of Legumes and Biofertilizers in
Agricultural N Economy; and Environmental and Human Health
Implications.
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